Supplementary Surveillance of Poliovirus Circulation in the Russian Federation: Results of a Study on Migrant Children of “Risk Group”

Ivanova, Olga E.; Mikhailova, Yulia M.; Morozova, Nadezhda S.; Chirova, Alina V.; Cherepanova, Evgeniya A.; Golitsyna, Lyudmila N.; Baikova, Olga Y.; Yakovchuk, Elizaveta V.; Karpova, Evgenia V.; Kozlovskaya, Liubov I.

doi:10.3390/v17060746

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Open AccessArticle

Supplementary Surveillance of Poliovirus Circulation in the Russian Federation: Results of a Study on Migrant Children of “Risk Group”

by

Olga E. Ivanova

^1,2,*

,

Yulia M. Mikhailova

³,

Nadezhda S. Morozova

³,

Alina V. Chirova

³,

Evgeniya A. Cherepanova

³,

Lyudmila N. Golitsyna

⁴

,

Olga Y. Baikova

¹,

Elizaveta V. Yakovchuk

¹,

Evgenia V. Karpova

¹

and

Liubov I. Kozlovskaya

^1,2,*

¹

Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia

²

Department of Organization and Technology of Production of Immunobiological Preparations, Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia

³

Federal Budgetary Health Institution “Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology” of the Federal Office for Inspectorate in the Field of Customers and Human Well-Being Protection, 117105 Moscow, Russia

⁴

Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Viruses 2025, 17(6), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060746

Submission received: 22 April 2025 / Revised: 15 May 2025 / Accepted: 19 May 2025 / Published: 23 May 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coxsackieviruses, Polioviruses and Associated Diseases (Second Edition))

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Abstract

The detection of “silent” poliovirus (PV) circulation among clinically healthy populations is an important component of supplementary surveillance for poliomyelitis. Migrants from countries or regions where polio is endemic, affected by outbreaks, or at risk may contribute to the introduction of PVs of epidemic significance: wild poliovirus type 1, vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs), or poliovirus type 2 into polio-free countries. Migrant children, refugees under 5 years of age, are considered a “risk group” in Russia and are subject to testing for PVs. During 2014–2023, guided by the algorithm of virological and molecular investigation of acute flaccid paralysis cases recommended by the WHO, 51,548 migrant children, arriving from 40 countries, were examined. Among 4% of children excreting various cytopathogenic viruses, polio excretors accounted for 20.8%. Among the PVs, PV3 was predominant (41.7%), and PV types 2, 1, and a mixture of PVs accounted for, respectively, 28.2%, 18.8%, and 11.3%. All isolates of PVs 1 and 3 were identified as Sabin-like. The detection of five children excreting epidemically significant PV2 (four VDPV2 and one Sabin-like) required an assessment of the risk of dissemination and additional immunization activities. Among 580 identified isolates of NPEV, the most abundant was the E. betacoxsakie species at 73.8% (CVB1–6, E11, E6, E13, E7). Information on NPEVs expands our knowledge of the spectrum of NPEVs circulating among healthy children worldwide, but its prognostic significance is still unclear. The detection of PVs in children from the “risk group” allows targeted anti-epidemic measures and is a significant advantage of this type of supplementary surveillance for polio.

Keywords: poliomyelitis; vaccine-derived poliovirus; VDPV2; non-polio enteroviruses; migrants

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ivanova, O.E.; Mikhailova, Y.M.; Morozova, N.S.; Chirova, A.V.; Cherepanova, E.A.; Golitsyna, L.N.; Baikova, O.Y.; Yakovchuk, E.V.; Karpova, E.V.; Kozlovskaya, L.I. Supplementary Surveillance of Poliovirus Circulation in the Russian Federation: Results of a Study on Migrant Children of “Risk Group”. Viruses 2025, 17, 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060746

AMA Style

Ivanova OE, Mikhailova YM, Morozova NS, Chirova AV, Cherepanova EA, Golitsyna LN, Baikova OY, Yakovchuk EV, Karpova EV, Kozlovskaya LI. Supplementary Surveillance of Poliovirus Circulation in the Russian Federation: Results of a Study on Migrant Children of “Risk Group”. Viruses. 2025; 17(6):746. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060746

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ivanova, Olga E., Yulia M. Mikhailova, Nadezhda S. Morozova, Alina V. Chirova, Evgeniya A. Cherepanova, Lyudmila N. Golitsyna, Olga Y. Baikova, Elizaveta V. Yakovchuk, Evgenia V. Karpova, and Liubov I. Kozlovskaya. 2025. "Supplementary Surveillance of Poliovirus Circulation in the Russian Federation: Results of a Study on Migrant Children of “Risk Group”" Viruses 17, no. 6: 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060746

APA Style

Ivanova, O. E., Mikhailova, Y. M., Morozova, N. S., Chirova, A. V., Cherepanova, E. A., Golitsyna, L. N., Baikova, O. Y., Yakovchuk, E. V., Karpova, E. V., & Kozlovskaya, L. I. (2025). Supplementary Surveillance of Poliovirus Circulation in the Russian Federation: Results of a Study on Migrant Children of “Risk Group”. Viruses, 17(6), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060746

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Supplementary Surveillance of Poliovirus Circulation in the Russian Federation: Results of a Study on Migrant Children of “Risk Group”

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