Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Northern China During 2021–2023
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Sample Processing and Analysis
2.3. ORF5 Sequencing
2.4. Analysis of ORF5 Gene Phylogeny and Amino Acid Mutation
2.5. Virus Isolation and Whole-Genome Sequencing
2.6. Recombination Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Sample Detection and Analysis
3.2. Analysis of ORF5 Gene Phylogeny
3.3. Mutational Analysis of ORF5 Amino Acid Sequences
3.4. Isolation of PRRSV Strains
3.5. Whole-Genome Recombination Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age of Piglet | Type of Sample | Sampling Time | Sample Size |
---|---|---|---|
Boars | Semen/oropharyngeal swab | Quarterly | 20% of each batch with pools of 5 |
Sows | Serum/tissue samples | When abortion occurs | Each pig |
Suckling piglets | Processing fluid | Each batch of piglets | Pools of 20–30 litters |
Weaned piglets | Serum/oropharyngeal swab | 3 days before and after weaning | Weak pigs with pools of 5 |
Fattening pig | Serum/oral fluid | Suspected clinical symptoms | Pools of 15–20 litters |
Dead pigs | Tissue samples | Immediately | Each pig |
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Yuan, N.; Yang, Z.; Lv, F.; Dou, L.; Li, X.; Zhao, B.; Dong, S. Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Northern China During 2021–2023. Viruses 2025, 17, 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17010085
Yuan N, Yang Z, Lv F, Dou L, Li X, Zhao B, Dong S. Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Northern China During 2021–2023. Viruses. 2025; 17(1):85. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17010085
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Na, Zuofeng Yang, Fengxia Lv, Lina Dou, Xiangqing Li, Baokai Zhao, and Shishan Dong. 2025. "Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Northern China During 2021–2023" Viruses 17, no. 1: 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17010085
APA StyleYuan, N., Yang, Z., Lv, F., Dou, L., Li, X., Zhao, B., & Dong, S. (2025). Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Evolution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Northern China During 2021–2023. Viruses, 17(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17010085