Differential Cellular Sensing of Fusion from within and Fusion from without during Virus Infection
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Fusogenic Liposomes and p14 Lipoplexes
2.3. Generation of Cell Lines
2.4. Quantitative RT-PCR
2.5. Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy
2.6. Fixed Cell Imaging
2.7. Plaque Reduction Assay
2.8. Western Blotting
2.9. Dot Blots
3. Results
3.1. Calcium Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Antivial State Induction
3.2. RNA Sensors Are Required for the Response to Exogenous p14
3.3. The Response to p14 Requires the RNA Binding Sites of RIG-I
3.4. The Response to p14 Is Not Due to Contaminating RNA
3.5. Generation of Endogenous p14-Expressing Cell Lines to Model Cell–Cell Fusion
3.6. The ISG Response to Endogenous p14 Requires Both STING and RIG-I
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hare, D.N.; Murdza, T.; Collins, S.; Schulz, K.; Mukherjee, S.; de Antueno, R.; Janssen, L.; Duncan, R.; Mossman, K.L. Differential Cellular Sensing of Fusion from within and Fusion from without during Virus Infection. Viruses 2023, 15, 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020301
Hare DN, Murdza T, Collins S, Schulz K, Mukherjee S, de Antueno R, Janssen L, Duncan R, Mossman KL. Differential Cellular Sensing of Fusion from within and Fusion from without during Virus Infection. Viruses. 2023; 15(2):301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020301
Chicago/Turabian StyleHare, David N., Tetyana Murdza, Susan Collins, Katharina Schulz, Subhendu Mukherjee, Roberto de Antueno, Luke Janssen, Roy Duncan, and Karen L. Mossman. 2023. "Differential Cellular Sensing of Fusion from within and Fusion from without during Virus Infection" Viruses 15, no. 2: 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020301
APA StyleHare, D. N., Murdza, T., Collins, S., Schulz, K., Mukherjee, S., de Antueno, R., Janssen, L., Duncan, R., & Mossman, K. L. (2023). Differential Cellular Sensing of Fusion from within and Fusion from without during Virus Infection. Viruses, 15(2), 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020301