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Volume 15
Issue 11
10.3390/v15112162
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Article

Immune Profiles in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with Cardiovascular Abnormalities

by
Nathella Pavan Kumar
1,*,
Aishwarya Venkataraman
1,
Arul Nancy
2,
Nandhini Selvaraj
2,
Kadar Moideen
2,
Shaik Fayaz Ahamed
1,2,
Rachel Marriam Renji
2,
Kandasamy Sasidaran
3,
Sandip Kumar
3,
Muthiah Periyakuppan
3,
Thankgavelu Sangaralingam
3,
Poovazhagi Varadarajan
4,
Elilarasi Chelladurai
4 and
Subash Babu
2,5
1
ICMR—National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600031, India
2
National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600031, India
3
Dr. Mehta’s Children’s Hospital, Chennai 600031, India
4
Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai 600008, India
5
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2023, 15(11), 2162; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15112162
Submission received: 10 August 2023 / Revised: 12 September 2023 / Accepted: 27 September 2023 / Published: 27 October 2023
(This article belongs to the Section SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19)
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Abstract

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a sequela of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV2), has been progressively reported worldwide, with cardiac involvement being a frequent presentation. Although the clinical and immunological characteristics of MIS-C with and without cardiac involvement have been described, the immunological differences between cardiac and non-cardiac MIS-C are not well understood. Methods: The levels of type 1, type 2, type 17, other proinflammatory cytokines and CC chemokines and CXC chemokines were measured using the Magpix multiplex cytokine assay system in MIS-C children with MIS-C cardiac (MIS-C (C) (n = 88)) and MIS-C non-cardiac (MIS-C (NC) (n = 64)) abnormalities. Results: MIS-C children with cardiac manifestations presented with significantly increased levels of cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, TNFα, IL-5, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12p70 and chemokines such as CCL2, CCL3, CCL11 and CXCL10 in comparison to MIS-C children without cardiac manifestations. Clustering analysis revealed that cytokines and chemokines could clearly distinguish MIS-C children with and without cardiac manifestations. In addition, these responses significantly diminished and normalized 9 months after treatment. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies characterizing and differentiating systemic inflammation in MIS-C with and without cardiac involvement from a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). Our study contributes to the existing body of evidence and advances our knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of MIS-C in children.
Keywords: MIS-C; cytokines; chemokines; cardiac manifestation; SARS-CoV-2 MIS-C; cytokines; chemokines; cardiac manifestation; SARS-CoV-2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kumar, N.P.; Venkataraman, A.; Nancy, A.; Selvaraj, N.; Moideen, K.; Ahamed, S.F.; Renji, R.M.; Sasidaran, K.; Kumar, S.; Periyakuppan, M.; et al. Immune Profiles in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with Cardiovascular Abnormalities. Viruses 2023, 15, 2162. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15112162

AMA Style

Kumar NP, Venkataraman A, Nancy A, Selvaraj N, Moideen K, Ahamed SF, Renji RM, Sasidaran K, Kumar S, Periyakuppan M, et al. Immune Profiles in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with Cardiovascular Abnormalities. Viruses. 2023; 15(11):2162. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15112162

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumar, Nathella Pavan, Aishwarya Venkataraman, Arul Nancy, Nandhini Selvaraj, Kadar Moideen, Shaik Fayaz Ahamed, Rachel Marriam Renji, Kandasamy Sasidaran, Sandip Kumar, Muthiah Periyakuppan, and et al. 2023. "Immune Profiles in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with Cardiovascular Abnormalities" Viruses 15, no. 11: 2162. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15112162

APA Style

Kumar, N. P., Venkataraman, A., Nancy, A., Selvaraj, N., Moideen, K., Ahamed, S. F., Renji, R. M., Sasidaran, K., Kumar, S., Periyakuppan, M., Sangaralingam, T., Varadarajan, P., Chelladurai, E., & Babu, S. (2023). Immune Profiles in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with Cardiovascular Abnormalities. Viruses, 15(11), 2162. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15112162

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