HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) in Israel, 2010–2018
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Identification of CRFs and URFs Using RIP, RDP5, and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.2. Comparison between Patients Carrying Recombinant viruses and Patients Infected with Non CRFs
2.3. Statistical Analysis and Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of HIV-1 Recombinants
3.2. Comparison between PLHIV Carrying Recombinant Viruses to those Infected with Classic Subtypes
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Recombinants | CRF02_AG | CRF01_AE | CRF02_AG/ CRF01_AE/A3 | B/F1 | CRF02_AG/A4 | A6/B | Other | All |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 65 (30.5) | 36 (16.9) | 23 (10.8) | 15 (7) | 14 (6.6) | 8 (3.8) | 52 (24.4) | 213 (100) |
Age, Year, Median (IQR) | 37 (30–42) | 35 (26–47) | 47 (38–54) | 40 (32–45) | 28 (24–43) | 28 (23–51) | 41 (35–50) | 38 (30–47) |
Male, N (%) | 45 (69.2) | 31 (86.1) | 22 (95.7) | 12 (80) | 14 (100) | 8 (100) | 43 (82.7) | 175 (82.5) |
Place of Birth | ||||||||
SSA | 14/63 (22.2) | 2/23 (8.7) | 2/14 (14.3) | 5/50 (10) | 23 (11) | |||
EEU/CA | 10/63 (15.9) | 3/36 (8.3) | 2/23 (8.7) | 1/15 (6.7) | 5/14 (35.7) | 1/8 (12.5) | 9/50 (18) | 31 (14.8) |
WCEU/NA | 6/63 (9.5) | 1/36 (2.8) | 1/23 (4.3) | 1/50 (2) | 9 (4.3) | |||
Israel | 28/63 (44.4) | 27/36 (75) | 15/23 (65.2) | 10/15 (66.7) | 6/14 (42.9) | 7/8 (87.5) | 34/50 (68) | 127 (60.8) |
Other | 5/63 (7.9) | 5/36 (13.9) | 3/23 (13) | 4/15 (26.7) | 1/14 (7.1) | 1/50 (2) | 19 (9.1) | |
Transmission Groups | ||||||||
MSM | 29/63 (46) | 19/34 (55.9) | 18/23 (78.3) | 10/13 (76.9) | 11/14 (78.6) | 7/8 (87.5) | 26/50 (52) | 120 (58.5) |
HETERO | 28/63 (44.4) | 14/34 (41.2) | 5/23 (21.7) | 2/13 (15.4) | 3/14 (21.4) | 1/8 (12.5) | 20/50 (40) | 73 (35.6) |
IDU | 6/63 (9.5) | 1/34 (2.9) | 1/13 (7.7) | 4/50 (8) | 12 (5.9) | |||
CD4, n/N(%) | 55/65 (28.4) | 35/36 (18) | 23/23 (11.9) | 15/15 (7.7) | 13/14 (6.7) | 8/8 (4.1) | 45/52 (23.2) | 194 (91.1) |
CD4(cells/mm3), Median (IQR) | 383 (216–515) | 373 (204–609) | 418 (216–514) | 408 (243–473) | 497 (415–739) | 343 (287–749) | 350 (161–451) | 389 (214–511) |
HIV-1 VL n/N (%) | 61/65 (29.8) | 36/36 (17.6) | 23/23 (11.2) | 15/15 (7.3) | 13/14 (6.3) | 8/8 (3.9) | 49/52 (23.9) | 205 (96.2) |
HIV-1 VL, Median (IQR) | 4.9 (2.2–5.4) | 4.9 (4.3–5.3) | 4.9 (4.5–5.3) | 5.5 (3.8–6.1) | 4.5 (4–5.2) | 4.5 (4–4.9) | 4.9 (4.6–5.5) | 4.9 (4.3–5.4) |
Subtypes (N = 808) | Recombinant Forms (N = 120) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at diagnosis (years) | N = 802 (87) | N = 120 (13) | 0.936 |
median (IQR) (n = 922) | 38 (30–45) | 39 (29–45) | |
Sex, (n = 923, 99.5%) | N = 803 (87) | N = 120 (13) | 0.038 |
Female | 196 (24.4) | 19 (15.8) | |
Male | 607 (75.6) | 101 (84.2) | |
Place of birth, (n = 893, 96.2%) | N = 775 (86.8) | N = 118 (13.2) | |
SSA | 125 (16.1) | 14 (11.9) | |
EEU/CA | 213 (27.5) | 17 (14.4) | |
WCE/NA | 25 (3.2) | 3 (2.5) | |
Israel | 389 (50.2) | 78 (66.1) | 0.023 |
LA | 7 (0.9) | 2 (1.7) | |
AP | 7 (0.9) | 2 (1.7) | |
ME/NA | 9 (1.2) | 2 (1.7) | |
Transmission Groups, (n = 899, 96.9%) | N = 782 (87) | N = 117 (13) | |
MSM | 378 (48.3) | 72 (61.5) | |
Hetero | 288 (36.8) | 37 (31.6) | 0.011 |
IDU | 116 (14.8) | 8 (6.8) | |
CD4 (cells/mm3), (N = 849, 91.5%) | N = 741 (87.3) | N = 108 (12.7) | |
median CD4 (IQR) | 323 (175–519) | 418 (209–509) | 0.043 |
HIV-1—RNA (Log copies/mL), | N = 772 (87.2) | N = 113 (12.8) | |
(N = 885, 95.4) | |||
median viral load (IQR) | 4.8 (4.2–5.4) | 4.9 (4.3–5.5) | 0.303 |
TDRM Bennet (N = 906, 97.6%)TDRM, n (%) | N = 786 (86.8) | N = 120 (13.2) | |
112 (14.2) | 10 (8.3) | 0.085 | |
HIVdrm ECDC (N = 906, 97.6%)HIVdrm, n (%) | N = 786 (86.8) | N = 120 (13.2) | |
191 (24.3) | 23 (19.2) | 0.249 |
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Wagner, T.; Zuckerman, N.S.; Wax, M.; Shirazi, R.; Gozlan, Y.; Girshengorn, S.; Marom, R.; Mendelson, E.; Turner, D.; Mor, O. HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) in Israel, 2010–2018. Viruses 2022, 14, 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091970
Wagner T, Zuckerman NS, Wax M, Shirazi R, Gozlan Y, Girshengorn S, Marom R, Mendelson E, Turner D, Mor O. HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) in Israel, 2010–2018. Viruses. 2022; 14(9):1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091970
Chicago/Turabian StyleWagner, Tali, Neta S. Zuckerman, Marina Wax, Rachel Shirazi, Yael Gozlan, Shirley Girshengorn, Rotem Marom, Ella Mendelson, Dan Turner, and Orna Mor. 2022. "HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) in Israel, 2010–2018" Viruses 14, no. 9: 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091970
APA StyleWagner, T., Zuckerman, N. S., Wax, M., Shirazi, R., Gozlan, Y., Girshengorn, S., Marom, R., Mendelson, E., Turner, D., & Mor, O. (2022). HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) in Israel, 2010–2018. Viruses, 14(9), 1970. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091970