Transfusion-Acquired HIV: History, Evolution of Screening Tests, and Current Challenges of Unreported Antiretroviral Drug Use in Brazil
Abstract
:1. Worldwide and Brazilian HIV Prevalence
2. Beginning of the HIV Epidemic and Transfusion-Transmitted HIV
3. Donor HIV Screening Tests and Blood Safety Policies in Brazil
4. Donor HIV Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)
5. Current Intervention Measures to Ensure Transfusion Safety
6. New Challenges in Transfusion-Transmissible HIV Infection
7. Strategies to Mitigate These New Challenges
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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DATE | Blood Products | HIV Serological Screening | NAT-HIV Screening | NAT-HIV Confirmatory | Pathogen Reduction | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
August 2000 | Red blood cells | Non-reactive HIV Ab/Ag Abbott | Negative 24 MP-NAT non-commercial LOD 100 cop/mL | 180 cop/mL NGI Ultraqual™ LOD 30.76 IU/mL | No | [41] |
November 2005 | Fresh-frozen plasma and red blood cells | Non-reactive Abbott PRISM Ab-HIV-1/2 assay | Negative 44 MP-NAT—COBAS AmpliScreen LOD 78 IU/mL | 135 cop/mL ID-NAT—Procleix Ultrio Assay LOD 20.3 IU/mL | Yes Theraflex | [44] |
January 2007 | Red blood cells | Non-reactive Abbott PRISM Ab-HIV-1/2 O assay | Negative 96 MP-NAT—COBAS AmpliPrep/TaqMan LOD 4257 IU/mL | 146 IU/mL ID-NAT—COBAS AmpliPrep/TaqMan LOD 44 IU/mL | No | [42] |
September 2012 | Red blood cells | Non-reactive HIV Ag/Ab Combo Architect Abbott | Negative 6 MP-NAT—Biomanguinhos LOD 240 copies/mL | <LOD (7.5 and 3.7 IU/mL) Procleix Ultrio LOD 34.54 IU/mL and COBAS TaqScreen MPX LOD 49 IU/mL | No | [39] |
March 2017 | Red blood cells | Non-reactive Abbott PRISM Ab-HIV-1/2/O assay | Negative ID-NAT—Procleix Ultrio assay LOD 39 IU/mL (23 copies/mL) | 34 copies/mL ID-NAT—COBAS TaqMan LOD 17 copies/mL | Yes INTERCEPT | [40] |
DATE | DONATION | CMIA HIV | MP-NAT-HIV | ID-NAT-HIV | RT-PCR HIV | WBlot HIV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Cutoff Value of 1.0) | (Copies/mL) | (Positive Bands) | ||||
1 July 2020 | index | non-reactive | negative | positive | <DL | not conducted |
0.07 | ct 34 | ~0.2 | ||||
19 August 2020 | return 48 days | undetermined | not performed | negative | negative | undetermined |
0.98 | p24 | |||||
10 September 2020 | return 70 days | reactive | not performed | negative | negative | positive |
1.13 | p24, gp160 | |||||
15 October 2020 | return 105 days | reactive | not performed | positive | 151 | positive |
35.4 | ct 27.8 | p24, gp41, p51 | ||||
p66, gp120, and gp160 |
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Nishiya, A.S.; Ferreira, S.C.; Salles, N.A.; Rocha, V.; Mendrone-Júnior, A. Transfusion-Acquired HIV: History, Evolution of Screening Tests, and Current Challenges of Unreported Antiretroviral Drug Use in Brazil. Viruses 2022, 14, 2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102214
Nishiya AS, Ferreira SC, Salles NA, Rocha V, Mendrone-Júnior A. Transfusion-Acquired HIV: History, Evolution of Screening Tests, and Current Challenges of Unreported Antiretroviral Drug Use in Brazil. Viruses. 2022; 14(10):2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102214
Chicago/Turabian StyleNishiya, Anna S., Suzete C. Ferreira, Nanci A. Salles, Vanderson Rocha, and Alfredo Mendrone-Júnior. 2022. "Transfusion-Acquired HIV: History, Evolution of Screening Tests, and Current Challenges of Unreported Antiretroviral Drug Use in Brazil" Viruses 14, no. 10: 2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102214
APA StyleNishiya, A. S., Ferreira, S. C., Salles, N. A., Rocha, V., & Mendrone-Júnior, A. (2022). Transfusion-Acquired HIV: History, Evolution of Screening Tests, and Current Challenges of Unreported Antiretroviral Drug Use in Brazil. Viruses, 14(10), 2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102214