Semipersistently Transmitted, Phloem Limited Plant Viruses Are Inoculated during the First Subphase of Intracellular Stylet Penetrations in Phloem Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plants, Aphid and Virus Maintenance
2.2. EPG Setup and Transmission Tests
2.3. Determining Phloem-pd Occurrence
2.4. Duration of Aphid Stylet Phloem Intrusion
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Aphid Stylet Activities and BYV Transmission
3.2. Duration of Phloem-pd Subphases
3.3. BYV Transmission in Association with the Duration of Subphase II-1
3.4. Identification of the Phloem-pd
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aphid Stylet Activities (EPG Waveforms Observed) a | Total EPG Recordings | Discarded Data b | Infected Plants | Total | % BYV Transmission Efficiency d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plant A+ (A+ B+ or A+ B−) c | Only Plant B+ | |||||
(i) A single complete standard-pd | 47 | 29 | 0 | 18 | 0/18 | 0% a |
(ii) Subphase II-1 of the phloem-pd | 78 | 62 | 9 | 7 | 9/16 | 56% b |
(iii) Subphase II-2 of the phloem-pd (subphases II-1 + II-2) | 48 | 34 | 10 | 4 | 10/14 | 71% b |
(iv) A single complete phloem-pd (subphases II-1 + II-2 + II-3) | 50 | 34 | 11 | 5 | 11/16 | 69% b |
EPG Recording | Infected Plants | No. of Complete Standard Potential Drops | Lower Subphase II-2 Frequency (Int./s) | % ΔV Phloem-pd (mV) | Duration Subphase II-1 of the Phloem-pd (s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Only A | 37 | 4.17 | 69.24 | 1.34 |
2 | Only A | 47 | 5.0 | 84.19 | 0.98 |
3 | A + B | 29 | 5.15 | 67.82 | 1.12 |
4 | A + B | 34 | 4.34 | 73.93 | 1.36 |
5 | A + B | 26 | 5.26 | 67.74 | 1.45 |
6 | A + B | 46 | 4.0 | 72.33 | 1.31 |
7 | A + B | 28 | 4.29 | 82.17 | 0.76 |
8 | A + B | 44 | 4.35 | 81.98 | 0.93 |
9 | A + B | 58 | 4.55 | 81.47 | 1.57 |
10 | Only B | 73 | 4.17 | 79.33 | 0.78 |
11 | Only B | 42 | 4.35 | 83.53 | 1.27 |
12 | Only B | 29 | 5.88 | 74.86 | 1.19 |
13 | Only B | 42 | 4.55 | 77.54 | 0.87 |
14 | Only B | 26 | 4.55 | 83.43 | 1.2 |
15 | Only B | 51 | 4.42 | 84.25 | 1.09 |
16 | Only B | 24 | 5.41 | 83.04 | 1.28 |
Mean | - | 39.75 | 4.65 | 77.93 | 1.16 |
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Jiménez, J.; Moreno, A.; Fereres, A. Semipersistently Transmitted, Phloem Limited Plant Viruses Are Inoculated during the First Subphase of Intracellular Stylet Penetrations in Phloem Cells. Viruses 2021, 13, 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010137
Jiménez J, Moreno A, Fereres A. Semipersistently Transmitted, Phloem Limited Plant Viruses Are Inoculated during the First Subphase of Intracellular Stylet Penetrations in Phloem Cells. Viruses. 2021; 13(1):137. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010137
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiménez, Jaime, Aránzazu Moreno, and Alberto Fereres. 2021. "Semipersistently Transmitted, Phloem Limited Plant Viruses Are Inoculated during the First Subphase of Intracellular Stylet Penetrations in Phloem Cells" Viruses 13, no. 1: 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010137