Update on the Transmission of Zika Virus Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Criteria
2.1.1. Types of Studies
2.1.2. Participants
2.1.3. Types of Exposure
2.1.4. Types of Outcomes
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Data Extraction and Management:
2.4. Quality of the Evidence
3. Results
3.1. Study Designs
3.2. Settings
3.3. Participants
3.4. Child Outcomes
3.5. Zika Virus in Breast Milk
3.6. Infant Feeding Practices
3.7. Certainty of the Evidence
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Children Outcomes | Breast Milk Outcomes | Maternal Outcomes | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Design | Children with ZIKV Infection | Blood RT-PCR | Infant Feeding Practices | RT-PCR | Culture | Viral RNA Sequencing | Confirmed ZIKV Infection | Diagnostic Essay | Country |
Besnard 2014 [10] Besnard 2017 [26] | Case reports | Yes | Positive in blood saliva | Breastfeeding | Positive | Negative | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCR, 5 days after symptoms onset | French Polynesia |
Yes | Positive | Not clear | Positive | Negative | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCR, 2 days after symptoms onset | |||
Dupont 2016 [27] | Case report | Undetermined | Ambiguous | Breastfeeding | Positive | Positive | NA | Yes | Positive 3 days after symptoms onset | New Caledonia |
Blohm 2017 [31] Blohm 2018 [32] | Case report | Yes | Plasma positive | Breastfed for 5 months | Positive | Positive | 99% identity with the virus isolated from the child’s urine | Yes | Negative RT-PCR, 5 days after symptoms onsetPositive for IgM and marginal IgG | Venezuela |
Cavalcanti 2017 [28] | Case reports | No | Serum, negative | Mix-feeding | Positive | Positive | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCR | Brazil |
No | NA | Breastfeeding | Negative | NA | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCR | |||
No | Serum, Negative for ZIKV Serum, Positive for CHIKV | Breastfeeding | Negative | NA | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCR | |||
No | Serum, negative | Breastfeeding | Negative | NA | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCR | |||
Sotelo 2017 [29] | Case report | Yes | Cord blood, negative | Not reported | Positive for samples collected at 37th gestational week, at birth, 38th gestational week, and 10th weeks postpartum | Positive for colostrum and sample 10 days after birth | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCRIgM and IgG positive | Brazil |
Giovanetti 2018 [30] | Case report | Yes | Serum, positive | Not reported | Positive | NA | Positive for strain similarities found with newborn viral genome sequencing obtained from the newborn | Yes | IgM positive. IgG not reported | Brazil |
Desclaux 2018 [40] | Case report | No | Negative (serum) | Not reported | Negative | NA | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCR | France |
Mello 2018 [37] | Case report | No | Negative in blood and saliva | Breastfeeding | Positive | NA | NA | No | Negative RT-PCR and Antibodies | Brazil |
Villamil-Gomez 2017 [39] | Case report | Yes | Positive (serum) at birth and 4, 6 months | Not reported | Positive | NA | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCR at birth and 4, 6 months | Colombia |
Hemachudha 2019 [34] | Case report | No | NA | Breastfeeding interrupted due to maternal diagnosis | Positive, starting 3 days before maternal symptoms and remained positive for 11 days (22 samples total). | NA | NA | Yes | Positive RT-PCR | Thailand |
Buathong 2017(Abstract only) [33] | Cohort | No 9 from confirmed cases and 62 from probable cases | Negative | Breastfeeding interrupted due to maternal diagnosis | Positive | NA | Asian lineage identified | Yes, all 6 women | Positive (method unclear) | Thailand |
Rodo 2019 [35] | Cohort | NA | Negative (serum) | Not reported | Negative | NA | NA | 72 of 254 women were positive | Positive (9 cases) by RT-PCR 62/71, 87.3%, positive for ZIKV IgM and/or ZIKV IgG and positive. 4 cases had positive IgM, 3 cases had positive both IgM and RT-PCR tests. 9 cases had detectable IgG levels. | Spain |
De Quental 2019 [36] | Cohort | No | NA | Not reported | Negative | NA | NA | Yes, 20 women were infected | Positive (20 cases) by RT-PCR | Brazil |
Tozetto-Mendoza 2019 [38] | Cohort | No | Negative cord blood, saliva, and urine. | Not reported | Positive | Positive | NA | Yes, 1 | Positive (94/235) confirmed ZIKV infection by RT-PCR in either plasma, serum, or urine. At least 7 positive cases were pregnant women. | Brazil |
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Centeno-Tablante, E.; Medina-Rivera, M.; Finkelstein, J.L.; Herman, H.S.; Rayco-Solon, P.; Garcia-Casal, M.N.; Rogers, L.; Ghezzi-Kopel, K.; Zambrano Leal, M.P.; Andrade Velasquez, J.K.; et al. Update on the Transmission of Zika Virus Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Viruses 2021, 13, 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010123
Centeno-Tablante E, Medina-Rivera M, Finkelstein JL, Herman HS, Rayco-Solon P, Garcia-Casal MN, Rogers L, Ghezzi-Kopel K, Zambrano Leal MP, Andrade Velasquez JK, et al. Update on the Transmission of Zika Virus Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Viruses. 2021; 13(1):123. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010123
Chicago/Turabian StyleCenteno-Tablante, Elizabeth, Melisa Medina-Rivera, Julia L. Finkelstein, Heather S. Herman, Pura Rayco-Solon, Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal, Lisa Rogers, Kate Ghezzi-Kopel, Mildred P. Zambrano Leal, Joyce K. Andrade Velasquez, and et al. 2021. "Update on the Transmission of Zika Virus Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review of the Evidence" Viruses 13, no. 1: 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010123