Vpr Is a VIP: HIV Vpr and Infected Macrophages Promote Viral Pathogenesis
Abstract
:1. Fundamentals of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
2. HIV Infection of Macrophages
2.1. Distribution and Variety of Macrophages
2.2. Macrophage Functions
2.3. Macrophage Models
2.4. Evidence for HIV Infection of Macrophages
2.5. HIV Infection of Macrophages Contributes to Pathogenesis
2.6. The Role of Macrophages in HIV Transmission
3. Mannose Receptor
3.1. Cell Biology of Mannose Receptor
3.2. Microbial Interactions with Mannose Receptor
4. The HIV Structural Protein Env
Env Biosynthesis
5. The HIV Accessory Protein Vpr
5.1. Vpr’s Role in Viral Replication
5.2. Vpr and the Interferon Response
5.3. Vpr-Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest
5.4. Vpr-Mediated Degradation of Host Proteins
5.5. Vpr Enhances Expression of HIV Env
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lubow, J.; Collins, K.L. Vpr Is a VIP: HIV Vpr and Infected Macrophages Promote Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2020, 12, 809. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12080809
Lubow J, Collins KL. Vpr Is a VIP: HIV Vpr and Infected Macrophages Promote Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses. 2020; 12(8):809. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12080809
Chicago/Turabian StyleLubow, Jay, and Kathleen L. Collins. 2020. "Vpr Is a VIP: HIV Vpr and Infected Macrophages Promote Viral Pathogenesis" Viruses 12, no. 8: 809. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12080809