Zika Virus with Increased CpG Dinucleotide Frequencies Shows Oncolytic Activity in Glioblastoma Stem Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Cultures
2.2. Design and Recovery of CpG-Recoded ZIKV Variants
2.3. Replication Phenotypes of CpG-Recoded ZIKV Variants in Vitro
2.4. Cell Proliferation Assay
2.5. Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay for GSCs
2.6. Oncolytic Phenotypes of CpG-Recoded ZIKV Variants in the Glioblastoma CAM Model
2.7. RNA Extraction and Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay (RT-qPCR)
2.8. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. CpG-Recoded ZIKV Variants Show Reduced Infection Kinetics in Nonmalignant Human Brain Cells and Distinct Oncolytic Activity in Different Glioblastoma Stem Cells in Vitro
3.2. Implantation of Human GSCs on CAM Leads to Tumor Growth
3.3. CpG-Recoded ZIKV Variants Show Distinct Oncolytic Activity in Different Glioblastoma Stem Cells in Ovo
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trus, I.; Berube, N.; Jiang, P.; Rak, J.; Gerdts, V.; Karniychuk, U. Zika Virus with Increased CpG Dinucleotide Frequencies Shows Oncolytic Activity in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Viruses 2020, 12, 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12050579
Trus I, Berube N, Jiang P, Rak J, Gerdts V, Karniychuk U. Zika Virus with Increased CpG Dinucleotide Frequencies Shows Oncolytic Activity in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Viruses. 2020; 12(5):579. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12050579
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrus, Ivan, Nathalie Berube, Peng Jiang, Janusz Rak, Volker Gerdts, and Uladzimir Karniychuk. 2020. "Zika Virus with Increased CpG Dinucleotide Frequencies Shows Oncolytic Activity in Glioblastoma Stem Cells" Viruses 12, no. 5: 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12050579