Comparison of the Pathogenicity in Mice of A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated between 2009 and 2015 in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cells and Viruses
2.2. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.3. Sequencing
2.4. Mouse Experiments
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Genetic Analyses of Japanese A(H1N1)pdm09 Isolates
3.2. Pathogenicity of A(H1N1)pdm09 Isolates in Mice
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Viruses | Isolation Year | Nucleotide Identity with CA04/09 (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PB2 | PB1 | PA | HA | NP | NA | M | NS | ||
Osaka488/09 | 2009 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 99.4 | 99.8 | 99.5 | 99.8 | 100.0 |
Osaka83/11 | 2011 | 99.1 | 99.4 | 99.1 | 98.8 | 99.4 | 99.1 | 99.2 | 99.0 |
YokohamaUTK101/12 | 2012 | 99.2 | 99.4 | 99.2 | 98.9 | 99.4 | 99.2 | 99.4 | 99.2 |
Osaka33/13 | 2013 | 98.6 | 98.9 | 98.6 | 98.4 | 98.7 | 98.9 | 98.5 | 97.8 |
OsakaUTA01/13 | 2013 | 98.8 | 99.1 | 98.6 | 98.3 | 98.8 | 98.9 | 98.5 | 98.4 |
Osaka6/14 | 2014 | 98.3 | 98.7 | 98.7 | 98.1 | 98.5 | 98.8 | 99.2 | 97.2 |
Yokohama50/15 | 2015 | 98.2 | 98.2 | 98.7 | 97.7 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 98.5 | 97.5 |
Yokohama90/15 | 2015 | 98.1 | 98.2 | 98.1 | 97.8 | 98.3 | 98.0 | 98.8 | 97.2 |
Yokohama94/15 | 2015 | 98.1 | 98.3 | 98.1 | 97.7 | 98.2 | 98.0 | 98.9 | 97.2 |
Yokohama100/15 | 2015 | 98.2 | 98.3 | 98.3 | 97.5 | 98.2 | 97.8 | 98.6 | 97.2 |
Virus | MLD50 | % of Mean Maximum Body Weight Loss (mean ± SD) b |
---|---|---|
CA04/09 | >106.5 | 10.5 ± 2.5 |
Osaka488/09 | >106.5 | 11.4 ± 4.2 |
Osaka83/11 | >106.5 | 9.1 ± 3.1 |
YokohamaUTK101/12 | >106.5 | 2.6 ± 2.3**c |
Osaka33/13 | >106.5 | 7.6 ± 2.9 |
Osaka UTA01/13 | >106.5 | 1.2 ± 1.3** |
Osaka 6/14 | 105.8 | 12.3 ± 4.8 |
Yokohama50/15 | >106.5 | 5.4 ± 2.9* |
Yokohama90/15 | 105.8 | 11.8 ± 3.1 |
Yokohama94/15 | >106.5 | 8.6 ± 5.0 |
Yokohama100/15 | >106.5 | 3.9 ± 2.8* |
Virus | Virus Titers (mean log10 PFU/g ±SD)in the Lung | |
---|---|---|
Day 3 | Day 6 | |
CA04/09 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.7 |
Osaka488/09 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 6.4 ± 0.1 |
Osaka83/11 | 7.1 ± 0.1 | 6.2 ± 0.2 |
YokohamaUT-K101/12 | 6.3 ± 0.2 ** b | 5.3 ± 0.1 |
Osaka33/13 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.2 |
OsakaUT-A01/13 | 6.9 ± 0.1 * | 5.9 ± 0.3 |
Osaka6/14 | 7.8 ± 0.2 ** | 6.2 ± 0.4 |
Yokohama50/15 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 6.0 ± 0.8 |
Yokohama90/15 | 7.8 ± 0.2 ** | 6.0 ± 0.2 |
Yokohama94/15 | 7.7 ± 0.1 ** | 6.2 ± 0.2 |
Yokohama100/15 | 7.1 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.5 |
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Mitake, H.; Yasuhara, A.; Lopes, T.J.S.; Tagawa-Sakai, Y.; Shimizu, K.; Ozawa, H.; Kawakami, C.; Morikawa, S.; Sugaya, N.; Watanabe, T.; et al. Comparison of the Pathogenicity in Mice of A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated between 2009 and 2015 in Japan. Viruses 2020, 12, 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020155
Mitake H, Yasuhara A, Lopes TJS, Tagawa-Sakai Y, Shimizu K, Ozawa H, Kawakami C, Morikawa S, Sugaya N, Watanabe T, et al. Comparison of the Pathogenicity in Mice of A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated between 2009 and 2015 in Japan. Viruses. 2020; 12(2):155. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020155
Chicago/Turabian StyleMitake, Hiromichi, Atsuhiro Yasuhara, Tiago J. S. Lopes, Yuko Tagawa-Sakai, Kohei Shimizu, Hiroki Ozawa, Chiharu Kawakami, Saeko Morikawa, Norio Sugaya, Tokiko Watanabe, and et al. 2020. "Comparison of the Pathogenicity in Mice of A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated between 2009 and 2015 in Japan" Viruses 12, no. 2: 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020155