The Place of Community Forest Management in the REDD+ Landscape
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Community Forest Management: A Global Overview
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction
2.2. Data Synthesis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. REDD+ Activities Realized by Community Forest Management
3.2. Livelihoods and Development Outcomes of Community Forest Management
3.3. REDD+ Benefits and the Incentive Structure for Community Forest Management
3.3.1. Early REDD+ and Carbon Mitigation Projects in Low-Income Communities
3.3.2. Incentives Structures for REDD+ as CFM
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Definitions, Interpretations and Synonyms | Sources |
---|---|
An approach to forestry implying community or local control and management of forest resources | Glasmeier and Farrigan [20] |
Any situation which closely involves local people in forestry activity | FAO [21] |
The sustainable management of the forest for wood, non-timber forest products and other services with a social or environmental value, performed by forest-dependent families or smallholders, community groups and indigenous peoples | Growing Forest Partnerships [22] |
Type of management in which communities have some degree of responsibility and authority in forest management that encompasses multiple uses involving subsistence and marketing with the goal to conduct an ecologically sustainable use of the forest | Charnley and Poe [23] |
Associated terms: “community forestry”, “community-based forest management”, “social forestry”, “participatory or collaborative forestry” or “agroforestry” | Arnold [24], Hajjar [25] |
Definition | |
---|---|
Decentralization | The transfer of both decision-making authority and payment responsibility to lower branches of the government OR refers to a full or partial transfer of assets and power a from the central government to the lower branches of the government or local institutions. Decentralization is generally observed in forest management. |
Devolution | The transfer of rights and responsibilities (of assets and power a) to non-state agents who are neither created nor controlled by the state including citizens or forest user organizations |
Tenure systems | Rights that define ownership and resource specific user rights including duration and conditions |
Customary tenure systems | Tenure systems established by custom or tradition and determined at the local level, rather than by law or contract, often based on oral agreements |
Statutory tenure systems | Tenure systems applied by governments and codified by law. |
Characteristics | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Type of Ownership | Type of Extraction | Region | Type of Arrangement | ||||
X-Squared | p-Value | X-Squared | p-Value | X-Squared | p-Value | X-Squared | p-Value | |
Reducing deforestation | 7.851 | 0.116 | 2.890 | 0.639 | 15.630 | 0.013 * | 11.924 | 0.500 |
Reducing degradation | 6.905 | 0.139 | 5.692 | 0.229 | 2.827 | 0.900 | 13.620 | 0.359 |
Carbon stock enhancement | 3.075 | 0.262 | 0.797 | 0.866 | 0.283 | 0.999 | 4.765 | 0.676 |
Sustainable management | 1.381 | 0.658 | 0.556 | 0.999 | 4.315 | 0.202 | 5.181 | 0.626 |
Forest conservation | 1.381 | 0.648 | 1.806 | 0.550 | 4.315 | 0.210 | 8.838 | 0.232 |
Income | 3.560 | 0.775 | 9.936 | 0.035 * | 9.973 | 0.384 | 22.080 | 0.087 |
Employment | 6.530 | 0.248 | 7.736 | 0.088 | 12.450 | 0.069 | 10.401 | 0.453 |
Security | 15.438 | 0.019 * | 4.152 | 0.592 | 11.347 | 0.232 | 17.628 | 0.288 |
Empowerment | 4.909 | 0.311 | 4.359 | 0.427 | 9.098 | 0.162 | 10.054 | 0.511 |
Equity | 7.481 | 0.527 | 8.438 | 0.219 | 10.102 | 0.371 | 11.178 | 0.780 |
CFM Success Factors | Forest Carbon Benefits | Social Benefits | Equity | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|
Poverty reduction as a stated objective | X | Schreckenberg and Luttrell [76] | ||
Allowing for both subsistence and commercial use of forest products | X | Ibid. | ||
Design of effective institutional arrangements | X | X | X | Ibid. |
Transparent and equitable benefit-sharing mechanism at the local level | X | Ibid. | ||
Sufficient support and training during establishment | X | X | X | Schreckenberg and Luttrell [76]; Hajjar, Kozak and Innes [74] |
Well-defined property rights | X | X | Pagdee, et al. [82]; Robinson, et al. [83] | |
Community interests and incentives | X | X | Pagdee, Kim and Daugherty [82] | |
Fair representation and active participation of the poor and women/Pro-poor measures | X | Mahanty, Guernier and Yasmi [69]; Maharjan, Ram Dakal, SureshThapa, Schreckenberg and Luttrell [71] | ||
Rulemaking autonomy | X | X | Chhatre and Agrawal [26]; Persha, Agrawal and Chhatre [81]; Ostrom [84] | |
Local rules enforcement | X | X | Chhatre and Agrawal [85] | |
Local power dynamics check and balance arrangements | X | Agrawal and Gibson [75] |
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Pelletier, J.; Gélinas, N.; Skutsch, M. The Place of Community Forest Management in the REDD+ Landscape. Forests 2016, 7, 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7080170
Pelletier J, Gélinas N, Skutsch M. The Place of Community Forest Management in the REDD+ Landscape. Forests. 2016; 7(8):170. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7080170
Chicago/Turabian StylePelletier, Johanne, Nancy Gélinas, and Margaret Skutsch. 2016. "The Place of Community Forest Management in the REDD+ Landscape" Forests 7, no. 8: 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7080170