Predicting Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Storage for Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) Plantations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Areas
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Fundamental Information on the Stands in This Study
2.4. Methods
2.4.1. Sampling to Determine Biomass and Percent Carbon Content
2.4.2. Predicting Aboveground Biomass by Allometric Model
2.4.3. Predicting Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Storage at the Stand Level
3. Results
3.1. Biomass Distribution in Sample Bamboo
3.2. Predicting Biomass by the Allometric Model
3.3. Percent Carbon Contents of Different Sections
3.4. Biomass and Carbon Yield
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- At the individual bamboo level, the proportions of foliage, branches and culms to AGB were 11.1, 23.7 and 65.2%, respectively. The mean PCC was predicted to be 41.68, 44.21 and 46.72% for foliage, branches and culms, respectively;
- The allometric equation with the age factor had better predictive ability than that without the age factor because the former equation had higher R2 and lower RMSE values;
- At the stand level, although the AGB predicted by the DDM showed more abundant information, this model still had a higher RE than that predicted by the allometric model with the age factor;
- The AGB and AGCS were predicted to be 35.7 ± 3.4 and 16.3 ± 1.5 Mg ha−1, respectively, in Ma bamboo plantations;
- Our study reflected that the current status of Ma bamboo management is intensive management, where the focus is on harvesting bamboo shoots;
- The limitation of the present study was the small sample size used for developing the allometric function. The potential value of a larger sample and the use of a mixed model that fully represents the nested sampling and it is suggested for this bamboo species because Ma bamboo appears as an aboveground clump structure on land.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code | Stand Type | Elevation (m) | Longitude and Latitude | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | Pure stand | 348 | 120°42′10″ E and 23°42′42″ N | Thinning, fertilizing and irrigation |
B | Pure stand | 348 | 120°42′06″ E and 23°42′45″ N | Thinning, fertilizing and irrigation |
C | Pure stand | 524 | 120°42′18″ E and 23°42′20″ N | Thinning, fertilizing and irrigation |
D | Mixed stand | 534 | 120°42′23″ E and 23°42′03″ N | Thinning, fertilizing and irrigation |
E | Pure stand | 528 | 120°42′29″ E and 23°41′58″ N | Thinning |
F | Pure stand | 538 | 120°42′29″ E and 23°41′56″ N | Thinning |
Item | Class | N | DBH (cm) | H (m) | Biomass (kg) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foliage | Branches | Culms | Aboveground | |||||
Age | 1-year-old | 5 | 8.4 ± 3.3 1 | 11.3 ± 2.6 | 0.870 ± 0.583 | 2.034 ± 1.365 | 6.893 ± 4.830 | 9.797 ± 6.590 |
2-year-old | 5 | 8.5 ± 3.5 | 12.2 ± 4.2 | 1.930 ± 1.075 | 2.477 ± 1.698 | 8.400 ± 5.689 | 12.807 ± 8.182 | |
3-year-old | 5 | 8.2 ± 3.6 | 10.0 ± 3.3 | 2.218 ± 1.637 | 4.904 ± 3.308 | 10.949 ± 7.572 | 18.071 ± 11.438 | |
4-year-old | 5 | 8.2 ± 3.3 | 9.8 ± 3.7 | 1.831 ± 1.233 | 4.446 ± 2.755 | 9.161 ± 6.215 | 15.439 ± 9.924 | |
5-year-old | 5 | 8.2 ± 3.5 | 10.1 ± 4.6 | 1.211 ± 0.758 | 3.400 ± 2.121 | 11.986 ± 10.522 | 16.598 ± 13.030 | |
DBH 2 | I | 5 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 0.395 ± 0.124 | 0.809 ± 0.190 | 1.452 ± 0.449 | 2.656 ± 0.448 |
II | 5 | 6.0 ± 0.4 | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 1.206 ± 0.841 | 2.292 ± 1.176 | 4.308 ± 1.129 | 7.807 ± 2.800 | |
III | 5 | 8.3 ± 0.3 | 11.3 ± 0.7 | 1.618 ± 0.876 | 3.449 ± 2.413 | 10.501 ± 4.862 | 15.568 ± 7.273 | |
IV | 5 | 10.6 ± 0.4 | 12.8 ± 2.8 | 2.664 ± 1.364 | 5.503 ± 2.759 | 13.528 ± 1.036 | 21.696 ± 4.718 | |
V | 5 | 12.5 ± 0.1 | 14.5 ± 2.2 | 2.177 ± 0.781 | 5.208 ± 0.982 | 17.599 ± 6.204 | 24.985 ± 6.716 |
Age | Sections | Y = a × DBHb | Equation Number | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | R2 | RMSE (kg) | p-Value | |||
1-year-old | Foliage (kg) | 0.056 | 1.284 | 0.602 | 0.425 | 0.034 | 1–-F |
Branches (kg) | 0.035 | 1.862 | 0.966 | 0.288 | <0.001 | 1–B | |
Culms (kg) | 0.143 | 1.782 | 0.908 | 1.688 | 0.004 | 1–C | |
Aboveground (kg) | 0.221 | 1.745 | 0.941 | 1.853 | 0.002 | 1–A | |
2-year-old | Foliage (kg) | 0.207 | 1.043 | 0.591 | 0.794 | 0.023 | 2–F |
Branches (kg) | 0.076 | 1.589 | 0.640 | 1.176 | 0.031 | 2–B | |
Culms (kg) | 0.180 | 1.760 | 0.961 | 1.299 | 0.001 | 2–C | |
Aboveground (kg) | 0.372 | 1.622 | 0.902 | 2.960 | 0.004 | 2–A | |
3-year-old | Foliage (kg) | 0.168 | 1.227 | 0.608 | 1.183 | 0.041 | 3–F |
Branches (kg) | 0.375 | 1.221 | 0.700 | 2.109 | 0.023 | 3–B | |
Culms (kg) | 0.788 | 1.252 | 0.754 | 4.337 | 0.018 | 3–C | |
Aboveground (kg) | 1.329 | 1.241 | 0.861 | 4.925 | 0.006 | 3–A | |
4-year-old | Foliage (kg) | 0.177 | 1.117 | 0.574 | 0.929 | 0.038 | 4–F |
Branches (kg) | 0.483 | 1.062 | 0.630 | 1.935 | 0.026 | 4–B | |
Culms (kg) | 0.326 | 1.569 | 0.923 | 1.996 | 0.003 | 4–C | |
Aboveground (kg) | 0.900 | 1.347 | 0.831 | 4.711 | 0.009 | 4-A | |
5-year-old | Foliage (kg) | 0.139 | 1.033 | 0.595 | 0.557 | 0.030 | 5–F |
Branches (kg) | 0.183 | 1.374 | 0.900 | 0.775 | 0.004 | 5–B | |
Culms (kg) | 0.038 | 2.604 | 0.960 | 2.423 | 0.002 | 5–C | |
Aboveground (kg) | 0.168 | 2.104 | 0.960 | 3.008 | 0.002 | 5–A | |
Total | Foliage (kg) | 0.143 | 1.144 | 0.423 | 0.885 | <0.001 | T–F |
Branches (kg) | 0.230 | 1.274 | 0.500 | 1.754 | <0.001 | T–B | |
Culms (kg) | 0.236 | 1.713 | 0.747 | 3.526 | <0.001 | T–C | |
Aboveground (kg) | 0.542 | 1.533 | 0.748 | 4.971 | <0.001 | T–A |
Stand | Clump Level (kg clump−1) | Stand Level (Mg ha−1) | Relative Error (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABG Predicted by Model with Age | ABG Predicted by Model without Age | ABG Predicted by Model with Age | ABG Predicted by Model without Age | ||
A | 118.7 ± 23.9 1 | 117.7 ± 24.1 | 35.6 | 35.3 | −0.89 |
B | 54.0 ± 17.4 | 56.9 ± 20.8 | 32.4 | 34.1 | 5.26 |
C | 78.2 ± 43.3 | 65.3 ± 35.6 | 39.1 | 32.6 | −16.58 |
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Yen, T.-M.; Sun, P.-K.; Li, L.-E. Predicting Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Storage for Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) Plantations. Forests 2023, 14, 854. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040854
Yen T-M, Sun P-K, Li L-E. Predicting Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Storage for Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) Plantations. Forests. 2023; 14(4):854. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040854
Chicago/Turabian StyleYen, Tian-Ming, Pai-Kuan Sun, and Long-En Li. 2023. "Predicting Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Storage for Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) Plantations" Forests 14, no. 4: 854. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040854