Assessment of Bending Properties of Sawn and Glulam Blackwood in Portugal
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Portuguese Blackwood as Sawn wood: Raw-Material Characterization
2.2. Portuguese Blackwood Glulam Beams: Assembly and Mechanical Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Portuguese Blackwood Sawn Wood
3.2. Portuguese Blackwood Glulam Beams
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Edyn-b MPa | Eglobal-b MPa | fm MPa | w % | ρ kg/m3 | ρ12%1 kg/m3 | Eglobal-b-12%1 MPa | fm-adj2 MPa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 14,104 | 14,038 | 68.6 | 11.5 | 646 | 647 | 13,908 | 65.2 |
Minimum | 9420 | 8399 | 26.8 | 9.1 | 492 | 493 | 8618 | 25.7 |
Maximum | 20,054 | 20,520 | 130.1 | 16.8 | 803 | 808 | 19,552 | 123.8 |
COV: % | 15.5 | 16.1 | 30.2 | 14.4 | 14 | 14 | 16.3 | 30.4 |
Char.val. | - | - | - | - | - | 518 | 10,402 | 36.9 |
Edyn-b MPa | Eglobal-b MPa | fm MPa | w % | ρ kg/m3 | ρ12%1 kg/m3 | Eglobal-b-12%1 MPa | fm-adj2 MPa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 13,452b | 13,648 | 65.0 | 11.0 | 590 | 593b | 13,351b | 61.0a |
Minimum | 10,726 | 9954 | 27.7 | 9.1 | 492 | 493 | 9609 | 25.9 |
Maximum | 20,054 | 20,520 | 130.1 | 15.4 | 772 | 779 | 19,552 | 121.9 |
COV: % | 16.4 | 17.6 | 28.1 | 15.1 | 11 | 11 | 17.1 | 28.0 |
Char.val. | - | - | - | - | - | 513 | 10,396 | 34.5 |
Edyn-b MPa | Eglobal-b MPa | fm MPa | w % | ρ kg/m3 | ρ12%1 kg/m3 | Eglobal-b-12%1 MPa | fm-adj2 MPa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 14,757a | 14,429 | 72.3 | 12.1 | 702 | 701a | 14,466a | 69.3a |
Minimum | 9420 | 8399 | 26.8 | 9.2 | 535 | 538 | 8618 | 25.7 |
Maximum | 18,137 | 17,660 | 129.1 | 16.8 | 803 | 808 | 17,514 | 123.8 |
COV: % | 13.5 | 14.4 | 31.2 | 12.2 | 10 | 10 | 14.8 | 31.2 |
Char.val. | - | - | - | - | - | 581 | 11,193 | 42.7 |
ETSM MPa | Edyn MPa | fm MPa | Elocal1 MPa | Eglobal1 MPa | w % | ρ kg/m3 | ρ12%2 kg/m3 | Elocal-12%2 MPa | Eglobal-12%2 MPa | fm-adj3 MPa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 15,048 | 14,129 | 88.8 | 17,569 | 14,377 | 13.1 | 671 | 679 | 17,764 | 14,533 | 83.9 |
Minimum | 12,802 | 12,807 | 69.3 | 13,852 | 12,086 | 11.5 | 599 | 600 | 14,074 | 12,280 | 65.5 |
Maximum | 17,261 | 15,896 | 102.3 | 21,231 | 16,197 | 13.8 | 744 | 746 | 21,571 | 16,456 | 96.7 |
COV: % | 9.5 | 9.8 | 12.2 | 14.4 | 9.5 | 5.9 | 10 | 9 | 14.8 | 9.8 | 12.2 |
Char.val. | - | - | 73.5 | - | 12,532 | - | 601 | 606 | - | 12,632 | 69.4 |
Species | Eglobal-12%/ρ12% | fm-adj/ρ12% | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Blackwood | 21.8 | 0.13 | - |
Blue gum | 23.1 | 0.12 | [12] |
E. grandis ‘330′ | 24.0 | 0.13 | [38] |
E. grandis ‘329′ | 21.0 | 0.10 | [38] |
P. alba, P. nigra and P. x canadensis | 25.7 | 0.12 | [31] |
P. x euramericana, ‘Neva’ | 25.0 | 0.11 | [38] |
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Martins, C.; Monteiro, S.; Knapic, S.; Dias, A. Assessment of Bending Properties of Sawn and Glulam Blackwood in Portugal. Forests 2020, 11, 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040418
Martins C, Monteiro S, Knapic S, Dias A. Assessment of Bending Properties of Sawn and Glulam Blackwood in Portugal. Forests. 2020; 11(4):418. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040418
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartins, Carlos, Sandra Monteiro, Sofia Knapic, and Alfredo Dias. 2020. "Assessment of Bending Properties of Sawn and Glulam Blackwood in Portugal" Forests 11, no. 4: 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040418
APA StyleMartins, C., Monteiro, S., Knapic, S., & Dias, A. (2020). Assessment of Bending Properties of Sawn and Glulam Blackwood in Portugal. Forests, 11(4), 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040418