Feasibility of Species Origin Traceability by Hydrogen Stable Isotopes: Sample Case of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Harm and Distribution of Lymantria Dispar
1.2. Common Insect Traceability Methods
- A.
- Literature traceability
- B.
- Trajectory analysis
- C.
- Traceability by pollen markers
1.3. Theoretical Basis of Stable Isotope Technology
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Obtaining Precipitation Hydrogen Isotope Data of the Sample Plots
2.3. Acquisition of Sample Hydrogen Isotope Data
2.4. Test Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Distribution of Stable Hydrogen Isotope in Precipitation in Mainland China
3.2. δ2H of L. dispar Populations in the Five Studied Geographical Locations in China
3.3. Use of Software R to Model and Test L. dispar Data
3.4. Use of Origin Software to Test the L. dispar Model
3.5. Model Checking
4. Discussion
- No effective traceability index system of different species and different geographical sources of insects has been fully established;
- The influence of climate, topography, geology, and other factors on the isotope composition of insects is not completely clear, and little research has been conducted on the isotope composition of insect tissues;
- The research objects for which stable isotope technology is applied for insect traceability are still limited to adults. Therefore, the significance of the traceability of other insect stages, such as eggs, larvae, and pupae, as well as the isotope conversion ratio at each insect stage, need to be further explored. The research and application of stable isotope traceability in insects is conducive to the establishment and improvement of rapid quarantine systems and has practical significance for effective quarantine measures against invasive insects.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Place (Regions) | Longitude (East) | Latitude (North) | Height (m) | δ2H (‰) of L. dispar (Measured Value) | δ2H (‰) of Precipitation (Theoretical Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heilongjiang Province (Luobei, n = 3) | 130.83 | 47.58 | 83 | −109.4 ± 0.70 | −82 |
Yunnan Province (Nujiangzhou, n = 3) | 98.77 | 25.86 | 2057 | −96.0 ± 1.75 | −69 |
Neimenggu Province (Charisu, n = 3) | 123.47 | 43.13 | 121 | −92.9 ± 0.93 | −67 |
Hebei Province (Tangquan, n = 3) | 117.96 | 40.95 | 135 | −80.4 ± 1.87 | −58 |
Anhui Province (Lu’an, n = 3) | 116.52 | 31.73 | 75 | −61.0 ± 0.72 | −41 |
Coefficients | Estimate | Std. Error | t Value | Pr (|t|) | Signif. Codes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −13.24726 | 1.99155 | −6.652 | 1.58 × 10−5 | *** |
x | 1.18577 | 0.03088 | 38.394 | 9.09 × 10−15 | *** |
Items | Value |
---|---|
Residual (Min) | −3.0324 |
Residual (1Q) | −1.2814 |
Residual (Median) | 0.4983 |
Residual (3Q) | 1.0284 |
Residual (Max) | 2.0313 |
Residual standard error | 1.645 on 13 degrees of freedom |
Multiple R-squared | 0.9913 |
Adjusted R-squared | 0.9906 |
F-statistic | 1474 on 1 and 13 DF |
p-value | 9.09 × 10−15 |
Place (Regions) | Longitude (East) | Latitude (North) | Height (m) | δ2H (‰) of L. dispar (Measured Value) | δ2H (‰) of Theoretical Place (Estimated Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chengdu Sichuan Province | 104.05 | 30.57 | 488 | −65.2 | −43.80 |
−64.3 | −43.04 |
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Qin, Z.; Shi, J. Feasibility of Species Origin Traceability by Hydrogen Stable Isotopes: Sample Case of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Forests 2020, 11, 1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111209
Qin Z, Shi J. Feasibility of Species Origin Traceability by Hydrogen Stable Isotopes: Sample Case of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Forests. 2020; 11(11):1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111209
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin, Zeshi, and Juan Shi. 2020. "Feasibility of Species Origin Traceability by Hydrogen Stable Isotopes: Sample Case of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)" Forests 11, no. 11: 1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111209