Different Molecular Characterization of Soil Particulate Fractions under N Deposition in a Subtropical Forest
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Experimental Design and Soil Sampling
2.3. Physical Fractionation and C Content Determination
2.4. Pyrolysis-GC/MS
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Percentages and C Contents of Particulate Fractions
3.2. General Distribution and Origin of Pyrolysis Products in the Soil Fractions
3.3. Factor Analysis Applied on Molecular Composition of Soil Particulate Fractions
3.4. Effects of N Addition on Chemical Compositions in Three Particulate Fractions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | Code | m/z1 | RT 2 | Compound | Code | m/z | RT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n-alkanes | Aromatics | ||||||
n-C6:0 | A1 | 57 + 71 | 2.47 | Benzene | Ar1 | 78 | 3.06 |
n-C7:0 | A2 | 57 + 71 | 3.56 | Indane | Ar2 | 117 + 118 | 17.47 |
n-C8:0 | A3 | 57 + 71 | 5.86 | Indene | Ar3 | 115 + 116 | 18.01 |
n-C9:0 | A4 | 57 + 71 | 9.92 | Toluene | Ar4 | 91 + 92 | 4.92 |
n-C10:0 | A5 | 57 + 71 | 15.63 | Methylindene | Ar5 | 115 + 130 | 24.98 |
n-C11:0 | A6 | 57 + 71 | 22.24 | Lignins | |||
n-C12:0 | A7 | 57 + 71 | 29.09 | 4-Acetylphenol | Lg1 | 121 + 136 | 25.96 |
n-C13:0 | A8 | 57 + 71 | 35.81 | Guaiacol | Lg2 | 109 + 124 | 21.25 |
n-C14:0 | A9 | 57 + 71 | 42.27 | 4-Methylguaiacol | Lg3 | 123 + 138 | 28.32 |
n-C15:0 | A10 | 57 + 71 | 48.41 | 4-Ethylguaiacol | Lg4 | 137 + 152 | 34.10 |
n-C16:0 | A11 | 57 + 71 | 54.24 | 4-Vinylguaiacol | Lg5 | 135 + 150 | 36.38 |
n-C17:0 | A12 | 57 + 71 | 59.82 | 4-Formylguaiacol | Lg6 | 151 + 152 | 41.787 |
n-C18:0 | A13 | 57 + 71 | 65.10 | 4-(Prop-2-enyl)guaiacol, trans | Lg7 | 164 | 45.00 |
n-C19:0 | A14 | 57 + 71 | 70.15 | 4-Acetylguaiacol | Lg8 | 151 + 166 | 47.19 |
n-C20:0 | A15 | 57 + 71 | 74.96 | Syringol | Lg9 | 139 + 154 | 38.884 |
n-C21:0 | A16 | 57 + 71 | 79.56 | 4-Ethylsyringol | Lg10 | 167 + 182 | 49.13 |
n-C22:0 | A17 | 57 + 71 | 84.01 | Polyaromatics | |||
n-C23:0 | A18 | 57 + 71 | 87.63 | Naphthalene | PA1 | 128 | 27.18 |
n-C24:0 | A19 | 57 + 71 | 90.58 | Methylnaphthalene | PA2 | 141 + 142 | 34.61 |
n-C25:0 | A20 | 57 + 71 | 93.13 | Biphenyl | PA3 | 154 | 40.22 |
n-C26:0 | A21 | 57 + 71 | 95.40 | C2 naphthalene | PA4 | 141 + 156 | 41.05 |
n-C27:0 | A22 | 57 + 71 | 97.49 | Methylbiphenyl | PA5 | 168 + 167 | 41.64 |
n-C28:0 | A23 | 57 + 71 | 99.44 | Fluorene | PA6 | 165 + 166 | 52.19 |
n-alkenes | Phenanthrene | PA7 | 178 | 62.77 | |||
n-C4:1 | E1 | 57 + 71 | 1.78 | Anthracene | PA8 | 178 | 63.28 |
n-C5:1 | E2 | 57 + 71 | 1.92 | Methylphenanthrene | PA9 | 192 + 191 | 68.68 |
n-C6:1 | E3 | 57 + 71 | 2.41 | 2-Phenylnaphthalene | PA10 | 204 + 202 | 72.53 |
n-C7:1 | E4 | 57 + 71 | 3.43 | Fluoranthene | PA11 | 202 | 76.36 |
n-C8:1 | E5 | 57 + 71 | 5.59 | Pyrene | PA12 | 202 | 78.63 |
n-C9:1 | E6 | 57 + 71 | 9.53 | Retene | PA13 | 219 + 234 | 83.65 |
n-C10:1 | E7 | 57 + 71 | 15.08 | Perylene | PA14 | 252 + 250 | 84.91 |
n-C11:1 | E8 | 57 + 71 | 21.66 | N-containing compounds | |||
n-C12:1 | E9 | 57 + 71 | 28.50 | Pyridine | N1 | 52 + 79 | 4.41 |
n-C13:1 | E10 | 57 + 71 | 35.24 | Pyrrole | N2 | 67 | 4.71 |
n-C14:1 | E11 | 57 + 71 | 41.74 | Methyl-1 H-pyrrole | N3 | 80 + 81 | 7.32 |
n-C15:1 | E12 | 57 + 71 | 47.92 | Benzonitrile | N4 | 76 + 103 | 14.35 |
n-C16:1 | E13 | 57 + 71 | 53.81 | Indole | N5 | 90 + 117 | 34.94 |
n-C17:1 | E14 | 57 + 71 | 59.40 | Isoquinolin | N6 | 129 | 30.82 |
n-C18:1 | E15 | 57 + 71 | 64.72 | Benzofurans | |||
n-C19:1 | E16 | 57 + 71 | 69.79 | Benzofuran | Bf1 | 89 + 118 | 15.06 |
n-C20:1 | E17 | 57 + 71 | 74.65 | Methylbenzofuran | Bf2 | 131 + 132 | 22.00 |
n-C21:1 | E18 | 57 + 71 | 79.26 | Dibenzofuran | Bf3 | 139 + 168 | 48.34 |
n-C22:1 | E19 | 57 + 71 | 83.74 | Phenols | |||
n-C23:1 | E20 | 57 + 71 | 87.43 | Phenol | Ph1 | 66 + 94 | 14.88 |
n-C24:1 | E21 | 57 + 71 | 90.43 | Methylphenol | Ph2 | 107 | 19.35 |
n-C25:1 | E22 | 57 + 71 | 92.99 | C2 phenol | Ph3 | 107 + 122 | 25.54 |
n-C26:1 | E23 | 57 + 71 | 95.30 | Polysaccharides | |||
n-C27:1 | E24 | 57 + 71 | 97.39 | Acetic acid | Ps1 | 60 | 3.63 |
n-C28:1 | E25 | 57 + 71 | 99.35 | 2-Furaldehyde | Ps2 | 95 + 96 | 6.25 |
5-Methyl-2-furaldehyde | Ps3 | 109 + 110 | 13.23 |
Fractions | Treatments 1 | Relative Abundance (%) 2 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n-alkanes | n-alkenes | Aromatics | Lignins | Polyaromatics | N-Containing Compounds | Benzofurans | Phenols | Polysaccharides | ||
Coarse POM | CK | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 21.9 ± 5.0 | 11.2 ± 9.1 | 16.5 ± 3.8 | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 16.5 ± 2.6 | 16.4 ± 4.9 |
A40 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 19.0 ± 0.7 | 14.7 ± 2.1 | 13.9 ± 1.5 | 6.4 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 20.7 ± 2.0 | 17.1 ± 1.1 | |
N40 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 22.9 ± 2.1 | 8.9 ± 4.3 | 16.3 ± 1.5 | 8.0 ± 2.0 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 14.9 ± 1.1 | 19.8 ± 0.4 | |
A120 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 19.1 ± 2.6 | 15.8 ± 7.9 | 15.3 ± 5.1 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 15.8 ± 2.4 | 20.3 ± 2.7 | |
N120 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 19.2 ± 3.3 | 16.8 ± 8.4 | 15.0 ± 4.0 | 8.8 ± 2.4 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 16.7 ± 0.3 | 15.6 ± 2.4 | |
Fine POM | CK | 6.5 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 44.2 ± 2.6 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 13.9 ± 1.7 | 15.4 ± 0.7 | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 8.8 ± 3.6 |
A40 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 43.5 ± 2.6 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 15.8 ± 2.0 | 17.5 ± 1.9 | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 6.2 ± 3.1 | |
N40 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 40.8 ± 5.8 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 12.7 ± 0.7 | 17.5 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 13.6 ± 6.0 | |
A120 | 6.9 ± 1.4 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 39.3 ± 3.5 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 15.9 ± 1.4 | 13.4 ± 2.0 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 2.2 | 10.7 ± 3.3 | |
N120 | 5.6 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 39.5 ± 5.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 13.6 ± 1.0 | 16.5 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 2.3 | 11.9 ± 4.9 | |
MAOM | CK | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 43.6 ± 2.9 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 9.1 ± 1.0 | 21.9 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.2 a | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 11.5 ± 1.5 b |
A40 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 37.5 ± 3.6 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 8.0 ± 0.5 | 19.8 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 0.3 ab | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 22.2 ± 5.3 a | |
N40 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 36.4 ± 2.2 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 8.0 ± 0.6 | 18.6 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 0.3 b | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 23.8 ± 1.1 a | |
A120 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 40.2 ± 0.9 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 8.3 ± 0.8 | 18.8 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 0.2 ab | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 19.3 ± 1.1 ab | |
N120 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 36.2 ± 1.5 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 8.9 ± 0.9 | 18.7 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.2 b | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 21.5 ± 2.8 a |
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Geng, J.; Cheng, S.; Fang, H.; Pei, J.; Xu, M.; Lu, M.; Yang, Y.; Cao, Z.; Li, Y. Different Molecular Characterization of Soil Particulate Fractions under N Deposition in a Subtropical Forest. Forests 2019, 10, 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10100914
Geng J, Cheng S, Fang H, Pei J, Xu M, Lu M, Yang Y, Cao Z, Li Y. Different Molecular Characterization of Soil Particulate Fractions under N Deposition in a Subtropical Forest. Forests. 2019; 10(10):914. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10100914
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeng, Jing, Shulan Cheng, Huajun Fang, Jie Pei, Meng Xu, Mingzhu Lu, Yan Yang, Zicheng Cao, and Yuna Li. 2019. "Different Molecular Characterization of Soil Particulate Fractions under N Deposition in a Subtropical Forest" Forests 10, no. 10: 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10100914