Carbon Footprint Analysis of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring—Implications for Carbon Sequestration of Bamboo Forests and Its Products
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Objective
2.2. Criteria and Boundaries for Assessment
2.3. Sketch of the Production Process
2.4. Data Collection and Carbon Footprint Assessment
2.4.1. Carbon Emission from Transportation
2.4.2. Carbon Emission from Production
2.4.3. Carbon Emission from Additive Materials
2.4.4. Biomass Carbon Stock
2.5. Carbon Footprint of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring
3. Results
3.1. Carbon Emission from Fossil Fuels during Transportation
3.2. Carbon Emission from the Power Supply for Production
3.3. Carbon Emission from Applied Additives
3.4. Biomass Carbon Stocks
3.5. Carbon Footprint Assessment for Produce 1 m3 of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring
4. Discussion
4.1. Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction Potentials
4.1.1. Carbon Emission from Transportation
4.1.2. Carbon Emission during the Production Processes
4.1.3. Carbon Emission from Additive Materials
4.1.4. Effect of Carbon Stock in Bamboo Products
4.2. The Implication for Bamboo Forests Carbon Sequestration
4.3. Uncertainty Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Type of Dataset | Investigated Objects | Measurable Factors | Data Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Fuel energy | Gasoline and diesel used for transportation | Weight of gasoline or diesel for transporting per 1 kg material per 100 km distance (kg km−1); weight of transported materials (kg); transportation distance (kg); carbon emission factors for gasoline and diesel | Carbon emission factors for gasoline and diesel refer to IPCC EFDB (https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/main.php), and other measurable factors were provided by Dasso company |
Electric energy | Electric energy consumed during production processes | Rated power of machine; idle and operation time of applied machines; carbon emission factors for electricity | Carbon emission factors for electricity refer to East China Power Grid of National Development and Reform Commission, and other measurable factors were investigated by authors. |
Carbon emission from applied additives | Glue, oil paint, and cartoon, etc. used during production processes. | The quantity of applied additives for producing 1 m3 of bamboo flooring; carbon emission factor for each additive | Quantity of applied additives was measured. Carbon emission factors for additives refer to IPCC EFDB. |
Biomass carbon stock in products | Carbon stock in bamboo scrimber flooring transferred from raw bamboo culm | Carbon transfer ratio during production processes; dry weight of the bamboo flooring; carbon density. | Carbon stock of bamboo flooring was measured, and carbon transfer ratio was derived from carbon stocks of bamboo flooring and raw bamboo culm. Carbon density of raw bamboo culm refers to Zhou (2006). |
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Transported Material | Fuel | Fuel Consumption (L t−1 km−1) | Distance (km) | Weight (kg m−3) | Carbon Emission Factor of Fuel (kg L−1) | CO2 Emission Equivalent (kg m−3) | Proportion of CO2 Emission (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bamboo culms | Diesel | 0.015 | 55 | 2686.09 | 2.63 | 5.83 | 18.83 |
Bamboo board | Diesel | 0.015 | 550 | 1115.27 | 2.63 | 24.20 | 78.20 |
Glue | Gasoline | 0.018 | 200 | 108.06 | 2.3 | 0.89 | 3.19 |
Oil paint | Gasoline | 0.015 | 200 | 1.47 | 2.3 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
Carton | Gasoline | 0.020 | 15 | 14.34 | 2.3 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
Total | 30.94 | 100 |
Process | Power (kw) | Plank Operation−1 | Operation Time (s) | Idle Time (s) | Power Consumption (Kwh plank−1) | CO2 Emission Equivalent (kg plank−1) | CO2 Emission Equivalent (kg m−3) | Proportion of CO2 Emission (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cutting | 4.5 | 1 | 13.3 | 33.3 | 0.0208 | 0.0174 | 3.4104 | 2.38 |
Chipping | 4 | 1 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 0.0140 | 0.0117 | 2.2932 | 1.60 |
Sorting | 6.3 | 1 | 66.6 | 33.3 | 0.0991 | 0.0829 | 16.2884 | 11.36 |
Boiling | 9.6 | 1 | 66.6 | 33.3 | 0.1510 | 0.1263 | 24.7548 | 17.27 |
Drying | 3 | 17,400 | 259,200 | / | 0.0093 | 0.0078 | 1.5288 | 1.07 |
Carbonizing | 1.5 | 14,545 | 46,800 | / | 0.0010 | 0.0008 | 0.1568 | 0.11 |
Gluing | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
Drying | 3 | 14,800 | 12,600 | 0.0005 | 0.0004 | 0.0784 | 0.05 | |
Pressing | 31.8 | 3 | 80 | 60 | 0.2120 | 0.1774 | 34.7704 | 24.25 |
Aligning | 52 | 6 | 50 | 60 | 0.1192 | 0.0997 | 19.5412 | 13.63 |
Polishing | 22.5 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 0.0506 | 0.0424 | 8.3104 | 5.80 |
Rough grinding | 37 | 5 | 50 | 30 | 0.0894 | 0.0748 | 14.6608 | 10.23 |
Slicing | 10 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 0.0142 | 0.0119 | 2.3324 | 1.63 |
Finely grinding | 38 | 5 | 50 | 30 | 0.0918 | 0.0768 | 15.0528 | 10.50 |
Prime coating | 1.5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0.0012 | 0.0010 | 0.1960 | 0.14 |
Total | / | / | / | / | 0.87 | 0.73 | 143.37 | 100 |
Process | Additive | EF (kg CO2 eq kg−1) | Weight (kg) | Carbon Emission (kg) | Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gluing | Glue | 0.6 | 108.06 | 64.84 | 82.77 |
Painting | Paint | 0.6 | 0.98 | 0.59 | 0.75 |
Packing | Carton | 0.9 | 14.34 | 12.91 | 16.48 |
Total | 78.34 | 100 |
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Gu, L.; Zhou, Y.; Mei, T.; Zhou, G.; Xu, L. Carbon Footprint Analysis of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring—Implications for Carbon Sequestration of Bamboo Forests and Its Products. Forests 2019, 10, 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10010051
Gu L, Zhou Y, Mei T, Zhou G, Xu L. Carbon Footprint Analysis of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring—Implications for Carbon Sequestration of Bamboo Forests and Its Products. Forests. 2019; 10(1):51. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10010051
Chicago/Turabian StyleGu, Lei, Yufeng Zhou, Tingting Mei, Guomo Zhou, and Lin Xu. 2019. "Carbon Footprint Analysis of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring—Implications for Carbon Sequestration of Bamboo Forests and Its Products" Forests 10, no. 1: 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10010051
APA StyleGu, L., Zhou, Y., Mei, T., Zhou, G., & Xu, L. (2019). Carbon Footprint Analysis of Bamboo Scrimber Flooring—Implications for Carbon Sequestration of Bamboo Forests and Its Products. Forests, 10(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10010051