Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Micro-Sphere with a Diameter of Several Tens of Micrometers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Experiment Principle and Procedure
2.2. Optical Tapering
2.3. Secondary Fabrication Based on the Taguchi Method
2.3.1. Taguchi Method
Process factors | Processing Mode of Fiber Taper Angle | Distance (Unit) | Discharge Current in Each Step (mA) | Discharge Duration in Each Step (s) | Discharge Times in Each Step (Times) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identification | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
Level 1 | Retained | 130 | 3 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 4 | 2 |
Level 2 | Removed | 150 | 4 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 8 | 3 |
Level 3 | – | 170 | 5 | 2 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 12 | 4 |
L18 | Process Factors and there Levels | Roundness Error (μm) | Roundness Error SNR | Offset Distance (μm) | Offset Distance SNR | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | |||||
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.94554 | 1.07309 | 1.61424 | −17.15655 |
2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.91309 | 1.70455 | 1.19888 | −6.86004 |
3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.91885 | 1.29227 | 2.93188 | −25.30595 |
4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0.74342 | 5.84103 | 2.17881 | −17.86543 |
5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0.93095 | 1.20897 | 0.99290 | −3.57175 |
6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.97565 | 0.42203 | 0.77123 | −2.57877 |
7 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0.84910 | 3.25091 | 1.35634 | −8.96089 |
8 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.84000 | 3.21805 | 1.35750 | −8.11359 |
9 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.83693 | 3.18562 | 0.85284 | −2.84947 |
10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0.84443 | 3.26853 | 2.49965 | −20.00413 |
11 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0.68923 | 7.21080 | 1.24643 | −9.09440 |
12 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0.82830 | 3.62569 | 1.92393 | −17.16595 |
13 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.71885 | 6.30348 | 1.45139 | −8.01470 |
14 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0.80988 | 4.11467 | 0.81844 | 1.41036 |
15 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.93278 | 1.31704 | 2.19086 | −17.01621 |
16 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1.05155 | −1.59014 | 1.46458 | −8.41189 |
17 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0.81173 | 3.90608 | 2.01879 | −14.39459 |
18 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0.90310 | 1.99284 | 1.56775 | −10.14783 |
2.3.2. Analysis for 2D Roundness Error
Angle position | 0° | 45° | 90° | 135° |
---|---|---|---|---|
2D roundness error (μm) | 0.6758 | 0.69885 | 0.67389 | 0.61488 |
Binary image of optical fibre micro-sphere | ||||
SNR (dB) | 8.11 |
Factors | SS | DOF | MS | F-value | F0.05 | Significance ** | Contribution (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 6.98 | 1 | 6.98 | 21.8 | 18.51 | YES | 16.2 |
B | 5.70 | 2 | 2.85 | 8.9 | 19.00 | NO | 6.2 |
C | 8.46 | 2 | 4.23 | 13.2 | 19.00 | NO | 9.5 |
D | 12.93 | 2 | 6.47 | 20.2 | 19.00 | YES | 15.0 |
E | 3.80 | 2 | 1.90 | 5.9 | 19.00 | NO | 3.8 |
F | 8.13 | 2 | 4.07 | 12.7 | 19.00 | NO | 9.1 |
G | 21.99 | 2 | 11.00 | 34.3 | 19.00 | YES | 26.0 |
H | 13.57 | 2 | 6.61 | 20.7 | 19.00 | YES | 15.7 |
Error | 0.64 | 2 | 0.32 | – | – | – | – |
Total | 82.2 | 17 | – | – | – | – | – |
2.3.3. Analysis for 2D Offset Distance
Angle position | 0° | 45° | 90° | 135° |
---|---|---|---|---|
2D offset distance (μm) | 0.4328 (MZM) 0.5058 (LSM) | 0.6548 (MZM) 0.6222 (LSM) | 0.5085 (MZM) 0.3290 (LSM) | 0.5006 (MZM) 0.6598 (LSM) |
Binary image of optical fiber microball | ||||
SNR (dB) | 12.42 |
Factors | SS | DOF | MS | F-value | F0.05 | Significance ** | Contribution (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 6.0 | 1 | 6.00 | 1.0 | 18.51 | NO | 0 |
B | 258.9 | 2 | 122.3 | 20.38 | 19.00 | YES | 28.5 |
C | 160.6 | 2 | 80.3 | 13.38 | 19.00 | NO | 17.1 |
D | 49.3 | 2 | 24.7 | 4.12 | 19.00 | NO | 4.3 |
E | 62.1 | 2 | 31.1 | 5.18 | 19.00 | NO | 5.8 |
F | 28.3 | 2 | 14.2 | 2.37 | 19.00 | NO | 1.9 |
G | 90.3 | 2 | 45.2 | 7.53 | 19.00 | NO | 9.0 |
H | 199.7 | 2 | 99.9 | 16.65 | 19.00 | NO | 21.6 |
Error | 11.9 | 2 | 6.0 | – | – | – | – |
Total | 867.1 | 17 | – | – | – | – | – |
2.3.4. Analysis for 2D Diameter
2.4. Quality Evaluation of the Optimum Micro-Sphere
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Optical Fiber and Fusion Splicer
3.2. Experiment Setup and Method
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yu, H.; Huang, Q.; Zhao, J. Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Micro-Sphere with a Diameter of Several Tens of Micrometers. Materials 2014, 7, 4878-4895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7074878
Yu H, Huang Q, Zhao J. Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Micro-Sphere with a Diameter of Several Tens of Micrometers. Materials. 2014; 7(7):4878-4895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7074878
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Huijuan, Qiangxian Huang, and Jian Zhao. 2014. "Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Micro-Sphere with a Diameter of Several Tens of Micrometers" Materials 7, no. 7: 4878-4895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7074878