Design and Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Inertial Piezoelectric Platform

Chang, Qingbing; Xu, Yicheng; Deng, Xian; Liu, Xuan; Zhu, Liangkuan; Li, Jian; Liu, Yingxiang

doi:10.3390/ma18214995

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Open AccessArticle

Design and Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Inertial Piezoelectric Platform

by

Qingbing Chang

^1,2,*

,

Yicheng Xu

¹,

Xian Deng

¹,

Xuan Liu

¹,

Liangkuan Zhu

^1,2,

Jian Li

^1,2,*

and

Yingxiang Liu

^3,*

¹

School of Mechatronics Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

²

Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Equipment, Harbin 150040, China

³

State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2025, 18(21), 4995; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18214995 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 30 September 2025 / Revised: 23 October 2025 / Accepted: 29 October 2025 / Published: 31 October 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Materials Simulation and Design)

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Abstract

Leaf stomatal density directly regulates the rates of gas exchange and water loss and is a core indicator of plants’ water-retention capacity and drought adaptability. Because detecting leaves over a macroscopic range requires large-stroke motion, whereas accurate identification of stomata demands high-precision positioning, the operational platform for stomatal-density detection faces the dual challenge of large strokes and high resolution. This paper proposes a novel two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) cross-scale piezoelectric platform that employs a new three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) piezoelectric stator to address the backlash issue in inertial drive and combines it with finite-element simulation for verification. The prototype of the 2-DOF cross-scale piezoelectric positioning platform is developed, and a series of experiments are conducted to evaluate its performance. The experimental results show a motion range of 15 mm × 15 mm; the displacement backlash rates in the X and Y directions range from 0% to 9.84% and 0% to 28.42%, respectively; and the displacement resolutions reach 11.39 nm and 13.61 nm, respectively. In addition, an application experiment on leaf stomatal-density detection is carried out on the developed 2-DOF platform, demonstrating its potential for botanical micro-detection.

Keywords: piezoelectric platform; inertial drive; cross-scale motion; flexure hinge mechanism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chang, Q.; Xu, Y.; Deng, X.; Liu, X.; Zhu, L.; Li, J.; Liu, Y. Design and Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Inertial Piezoelectric Platform. Materials 2025, 18, 4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18214995

AMA Style

Chang Q, Xu Y, Deng X, Liu X, Zhu L, Li J, Liu Y. Design and Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Inertial Piezoelectric Platform. Materials. 2025; 18(21):4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18214995

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang, Qingbing, Yicheng Xu, Xian Deng, Xuan Liu, Liangkuan Zhu, Jian Li, and Yingxiang Liu. 2025. "Design and Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Inertial Piezoelectric Platform" Materials 18, no. 21: 4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18214995

APA Style

Chang, Q., Xu, Y., Deng, X., Liu, X., Zhu, L., Li, J., & Liu, Y. (2025). Design and Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Inertial Piezoelectric Platform. Materials, 18(21), 4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18214995

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Design and Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Inertial Piezoelectric Platform

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