The Influence of Q & T Heat Treatment on the Change of Tribological Properties of Powder Tool Steels ASP2017, ASP2055 and Their Comparison with Steel X153CrMoV12
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Hardness of Materials
3.2. Coefficient of Friction
3.3. Wear
3.4. Wear Mechanisms
3.5. Surface Roughness
4. Conclusions
- Heat treatment Q + T significantly affects the increase in hardness values. All experimental steels achieved approximately a 200% increase in hardness compared to the base material.
- The type and amount of alloying elements affect the total content of carbide particles, which also affects the resulting hardness. The uniform distribution and high content of different types of carbides led to the fact that the material ASP2055 achieved the highest hardness of all the experimental materials of up to 910 HV10. The high hardness was due to the high content of alloying carbide-forming elements, especially Cr, W, V, Mo, and Nb.
- The COF results point to the fact that the ASP2017 and ASP2055 steels, which underwent the PM production method, show similar COF values with regard to the set tribological parameters and their resulting heat treatment. Their heat treatment in the form of Q + T leads to an increase in COF values on average by ~20%.
- The lowest wear rate of 0.01 mm3 with respect to all three turning radii was achieved by ASP2055 steel, which underwent the Q + T process. The reason for the lowest rate of wear in the given material is the occurrence of a fine-grained microstructure, which consists of a very hard martensitic matrix and a large number of evenly distributed globular carbide particles, as well as the fact that a complete oxidation layer has occurred on the material. The ratio of removed and extruded material after Q + T reached ~ 3:1 for all types of experimental materials.
- Within the friction mechanism, two types of wear occurred, i.e., adhesive and abrasive wear. At the same time, adhesive wear prevailed on base samples. These samples also experienced a greater degree of plastic deformation as part of this wear. Abrasive wear was clearly detected in samples with Q + T. This type of wear was associated with a change in the microstructure of the material after Q + T when a very hard martensitic matrix and carbide particles formed in the material. This heterogeneous structure (martensite + carbides) showed a very high hardness, but at the same time, internal stress also occurred in the material, which caused the brittleness of the material structure. The combination of these factors caused the formation of abrasive particles that were created in the friction process and created a typical abrasive surface that was formed by microgrooves.
- On the surface of the G40 counterpart balls, which moved over the samples without Q + T, there was predominantly oxidative wear with a large occurrence of fine grooves. On the surface of the balls that moved over the samples with materials with Q + T, there was only a small amount of oxidative wear with a smaller number of deeper grooves.
- The basic roughness of all experimental samples was at the same level and did not play a major role in wear. The samples without Q + T showed a high degree of plastic deformation in the form of extruded material on the edges of the friction groove.
- Tool steels can successfully represent wear-resistant steels because their chemical composition positively supports mechanical properties.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element [wt.%] | C | Cr | Mo | W | Co | V | Nb | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASP2017 | 0.76 | 3.91 | 3.13 | 2.70 | 9.07 | 0.99 | 1.26 | 78.18 |
ASP2055 | 1.63 | 3.92 | 4.55 | 5.55 | 9.88 | 2.53 | 2.59 | 69.35 |
X153CrMoV12 | 1.58 | 11.9 | 0.79 | 0.40 | 0.51 | 0.73 | - | 84.09 |
Element [wt.%] | C | Cr | Mo | W | Co | V | Nb | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASP2017 | 4.75 | 7.94 | 4.63 | 5.96 | 1.75 | 2.55 | 4.51 | 72.42 |
ASP2055 | 7.62 | 10.79 | 7.18 | 14.27 | 3.00 | 7.65 | 4.51 | 44.99 |
X153CrMoV12 | 5.79 | 24.71 | 2.79 | - | - | 1.81 | - | 64.89 |
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Escherová, J.; Krbata, M.; Kohutiar, M.; Barényi, I.; Chochlíková, H.; Eckert, M.; Jus, M.; Majerský, J.; Janík, R.; Dubcová, P. The Influence of Q & T Heat Treatment on the Change of Tribological Properties of Powder Tool Steels ASP2017, ASP2055 and Their Comparison with Steel X153CrMoV12. Materials 2024, 17, 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17050974
Escherová J, Krbata M, Kohutiar M, Barényi I, Chochlíková H, Eckert M, Jus M, Majerský J, Janík R, Dubcová P. The Influence of Q & T Heat Treatment on the Change of Tribological Properties of Powder Tool Steels ASP2017, ASP2055 and Their Comparison with Steel X153CrMoV12. Materials. 2024; 17(5):974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17050974
Chicago/Turabian StyleEscherová, Jana, Michal Krbata, Marcel Kohutiar, Igor Barényi, Henrieta Chochlíková, Maroš Eckert, Milan Jus, Juraj Majerský, Róbert Janík, and Petra Dubcová. 2024. "The Influence of Q & T Heat Treatment on the Change of Tribological Properties of Powder Tool Steels ASP2017, ASP2055 and Their Comparison with Steel X153CrMoV12" Materials 17, no. 5: 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17050974