Study on Epoxy Resin Composite Reinforced with Rice Straw Fiber
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Straw Fiber
2.2.1. Straw Fiber Harvest
2.2.2. Straw Fiber Pretreatment
2.2.3. Characterization of Straw Fiber
2.3. Composite Material Preparation Process
2.4. Functional Test
2.4.1. Tensile Strength
2.4.2. Flexural Strength
2.4.3. Water Absorption Test
2.4.4. Density Test
2.4.5. Surface Aperture Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Tensile Strength
3.2. Flexural Strength
3.3. Water Absorption Test
3.4. Density Determination
3.5. Surface Aperture Analysis
3.6. Discussion
4. Conclusions
- Through the characterization analysis of the pretreatment straw fiber and the control group (untreated rice straw fiber), it was found that the straw fiber after alkali treatment produced the most “silk”, the best defibrillation effect. Secondly, straw fiber after acid treatment; The defibrillation effect of the straw fiber after wet-heat treatment is poor.
- Compared with the control group, it was found that under the same pretreatment method, the composite’s tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and bending modulus reached1.89 KN and 3.92 MPa, 2.00 KN and 81.65 MPa, respectively, when the straw fiber filling amount reached 15%. When the same amount of straw fiber is filled, the composite material after alkali treatment has the best performance, followed by the composite material after acid treatment, and the composite material after wet and hot treatment has poor performance.
- In the water absorption test, the change process of the composite material is divided into two stages, namely the rising stage and the continuous rising stage. The water absorption performance of the composite mainly depends on the rising stage. When the filling amount of straw fiber reaches 15% and the water absorption time is 128 h, the performance of the composite reaches its best. The optimal water absorption rate of the composite material after alkali treatment reached 2.77%, the optimal water absorption rate of the composite material after acid treatment reached 2.97%, and the optimal water absorption rate of the composite material after wet and hot treatment reached 4.81%.
- In the density test of composite materials, when the straw fiber filling amount reaches 5%, the density of composite materials is the minimum. Among them, the minimum density of the composite material after alkali treatment is 0.96 g/cm3, the minimum density of the composite material after acid treatment is 0.961 g/cm3, and the minimum density of the composite material after wet and hot treatment is 0.965 g/cm3.
- The pore structure and distribution of composite materials were further verified by Image J software. The results showed that when the straw fiber filling amount was 15%, the composite materials prepared by the alkali treatment method had the smallest pores and minor distribution.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Straw Type | Dry Matter (%) | Ash (%DM) | Crude Protein (%DM) | Fiber Composition (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fiber | Hemicellulose | Lignin | ||||
Rice straw Maize straw Wheat straw Sorghum straw | 95.04 96.08 91.02 93.47 | 19.43 6.98 6.37 6.03 | 3.19 3.24 2.57 3.39 | 39.63 32.92 38.09 42.23 | 35.50 32.48 34.03 31.58 | 13.92 4.63 14.13 7.62 |
Constituent (%) | Rice Straw | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Husk | Whole Straw | Leaf | Stem | |
Fiber Hemicellulose Lignin Residual ash | 36–43 19–25 18 12–16 | 45–60 33 8–19 6–33 | 37–41 22–25 7–8 29–37 | 23–44 24–28 4–6 8–16 |
Material | Manufacturer |
---|---|
epoxy resin | Shenyang Dongyan Paint Decoration Co., LTD, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China |
curing agent | Shenyang Dongyan Paint Decoration Co., LTD, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China |
rice straw | Experimental field, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, China |
ceramic powder | Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China Lingshou County Chuangkai Mineral Products Co., LTD |
magnesium carbonate | Hebei Songzhi Chemical Technology Co., LTD. Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China 193.5195 |
magnesium sulfate | Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., LTD |
mold release | China Suzhou Kangxing Chemical Technology Co., LTD |
antifoaming agents | China Shandong Xinrunjin Chemical Co. LTD |
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) | analytically pure |
oxalic acid (HOOCCOOH) | analytically pure |
Instrument | Manufacturer |
---|---|
straw silk kneading machine | Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China |
straw fiber crusher | Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China |
far-infrared ray drying oven | Tianjin Tongli Xinda Instrument Factory, China |
circulating water vacuum pump | Zhengzhou, Henan, China Zhengzhou Yuda Instrument Technology Co., LTD |
high-speed crusher | Shanghai, China Dingshuai Electric Appliance Co., LTD |
water bath kettle | Shanghai, China Lichen Instrument Technology Co., LTD |
high-speed blunger | Shanghai, C hina Meiyingpu Instrument Manufacturing Co. LTD |
ultra-depth of field microscope (VHX-5000) | Keansy(China),Shanghai City, China, Co., LTD |
universal testing machine | Instrong(China),Shanghai, City, China, Co., LTD |
silastic mold | Henan Pingdingshan Xingyucheng Mould Factory, Henan city, China |
Source of Variance | SS | df | MS | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
row line error value total | 12.45905 175.2678 5.79263 193.5195 | 11 4 44 59 | 1.132640455 43.8169525 0.131650682 | 8.60337705 332.8273876 | 7.56 × 10 −8 2.88 × 10 −32 |
Source of Variance | SS | df | MS | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
row line error value total | 267638.5333 2510385.167 96851.63333 2874875.333 | 11 4 44 59 | 24330.77576 627596.2917 2201.173485 | 11.05354754 285.1189586 | 2.06 × 10 −9 7.66 × 10 −31 |
Source of Variance | SS | df | MS | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
row line error value total | 540.4041783 235.40791 104.33813 880.1502183 | 11 4 44 59 | 49.12765258 58.8519775 2.371321136 | 20.71741858 24.81822331 | 6.61411 × 10−14 8.53167 × 10−11 |
Source of Variance | SS | df | MS | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
row line error value total | 4924897.65 4254198.167 415449.4333 9594545.25 | 11 4 44 59 | 447717.9682 1063549.542 9442.032576 | 47.41754115 112.6398933 | 9.98757 × 10−21 1.60787 × 10−22 |
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Liu, X.; Wang, J.; Liu, T.; Cheng, Q.; Li, A.; Li, Y.; Liu, Z.; Sun, J.; Liu, D. Study on Epoxy Resin Composite Reinforced with Rice Straw Fiber. Materials 2023, 16, 1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041370
Liu X, Wang J, Liu T, Cheng Q, Li A, Li Y, Liu Z, Sun J, Liu D. Study on Epoxy Resin Composite Reinforced with Rice Straw Fiber. Materials. 2023; 16(4):1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041370
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xinzhen, Jiaxin Wang, Tianqi Liu, Qian Cheng, Anhui Li, Yuge Li, Zihui Liu, Jiayi Sun, and Dejun Liu. 2023. "Study on Epoxy Resin Composite Reinforced with Rice Straw Fiber" Materials 16, no. 4: 1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041370
APA StyleLiu, X., Wang, J., Liu, T., Cheng, Q., Li, A., Li, Y., Liu, Z., Sun, J., & Liu, D. (2023). Study on Epoxy Resin Composite Reinforced with Rice Straw Fiber. Materials, 16(4), 1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041370