Biochar and Organic Fertilizer Co-Application Enhances Soil Carbon Priming, Increasing CO2 Fluxes in Two Contrasting Arable Soils
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Incubation Experiment Setup
2.2. Analysis of Substrates
2.3. Respiration Measurements
2.4. Carbon Loss Estimation
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Soil and Biochar Type on Respiration
3.2. Effect of Exogenous Organic Matter on Soil Respiration
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Description | Abbreviation | Dose Equivalent [t ha−1] |
---|---|---|
Sandy soil without amendments | SA | - |
Sandy soil with six types of biochar | SA BC1—SA BC6 1 | 0.57–0.92 (2% v/w) |
Sandy soil with six types of biochar and three types of organic matter | SA BC1—BC6 CO for compost SA BC1—BC6 MA for manure SA BC1—BC6 LE for legumes | biochar: 0.57–0.92 (2% v/w) organics: 37.50 (1% w/w) |
Silt loam soil without amendments | SiL | - |
Silt loam soil with six types of biochar | SiL BC1—SiL BC6 | 0.57–0.92 (2% v/w) |
Silt loam soil with six types of biochar and three types of organic matter | SiL BC1—BC6 CO for compost SiL BC1—BC6 MA for manure SiL BC1—BC6 LE for legumes | biochar: 0.57–0.92 (2% v/w) organics: 37.50 (1% w/w) |
Abbr. in Paper | Substrate | pH (H2O) | CEC 1 [cmol (+) kg−1] | TOC [g 100 g−1] | TN [g 100 g−1] | C:N | Ash [%] | CaCO3 [%] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soils | SA | Loamy sand | 4.62 | 1.62 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 16.9 | n/a | 0.25 | ||
sand | silt | clay | |||||||||
[%] | |||||||||||
81 | 17 | 2 | |||||||||
SiL | Silt loam | 6.40 | 11.70 | 0.99 | 0.07 | 13.7 | n/a | 0.00 | |||
sand | silt | clay | |||||||||
[%] | |||||||||||
22 | 64 | 15 | |||||||||
Biochars | BC1 | Food wastes | 9.41 ± 0.05 | 228 | 53.0 ± 1.10 | 0.98 ± 0.02 | 54.1 | 10.1 ± 1.00 | n/a | ||
BC2 | Cut green grass | 10.43 ± 0.04 | 228 | 52.0 ± 1.00 | 2.70 ± 0.05 | 19.3 | 31.3 ± 3.10 | n/a | |||
BC3 | Coffee grounds | 6.91 ± 0.07 | 35.0 | 68.0 ± 1.40 | 3.60 ± 0.07 | 18.9 | 3.70 ± 0.40 | n/a | |||
BC4 | Wheat straw | 7.20 ± 0.13 | 7.41 | 76.0 ± 1.50 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 317 | 1.30 ± 0.1 | n/a | |||
BC5 | Sunflower husks | 10.29 ± 0.02 | 35.3 | 78.0 ± 1.60 | 0.63 ± 0.01 | 124 | 5.60 ± 0.60 | n/a | |||
BC6 | Beech wood chips | 6.96 ± 0.07 | 22.7 | 70.0 ± 1.40 | 1.40 ± 0.03 | 50.0 | 9.80 ± 1.00 | n/a | |||
Organic matter | CO | Compost | 5.66 | 10.8 | 17.6 | 2.01 | 8.77 | n/a | n/a | ||
MA | Manure | 7.00 | n/a | 28.0 | 4.00 | 7.00 | n/a | n/a | |||
LE | Legume biomass | n/a | n/a | 51.8 | n/a | n/a | 12.20 | n/a |
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Bednik, M.; Medyńska-Juraszek, A.; Ćwieląg-Piasecka, I. Biochar and Organic Fertilizer Co-Application Enhances Soil Carbon Priming, Increasing CO2 Fluxes in Two Contrasting Arable Soils. Materials 2023, 16, 6950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216950
Bednik M, Medyńska-Juraszek A, Ćwieląg-Piasecka I. Biochar and Organic Fertilizer Co-Application Enhances Soil Carbon Priming, Increasing CO2 Fluxes in Two Contrasting Arable Soils. Materials. 2023; 16(21):6950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216950
Chicago/Turabian StyleBednik, Magdalena, Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek, and Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka. 2023. "Biochar and Organic Fertilizer Co-Application Enhances Soil Carbon Priming, Increasing CO2 Fluxes in Two Contrasting Arable Soils" Materials 16, no. 21: 6950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216950