Enhanced Release of Calcium Ions from Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles with an Increase in Their Specific Surface Area
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Synthesis of Nanoparticles
2.2. Characterization of Nanoparticles
2.3. Determination of the Amount of Ca2+ Ions Released
3. Results
3.1. Synthesis of Nanoparticles
3.2. Characterization of Nanoparticles
3.3. Calcium-Ion-Release Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Structural and Chemical Characterization
4.2. Ion-Release Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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GoHAP | Heating Time (s) | Total Reaction Time (s) | Pressure (bar) | Temperature (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Type 1 | - | - | - | - |
Type 2 | 55 | 55 | 0.2 | 115 |
Type 3 | 60 | 90 | 0.3 | 125 |
Type 4 | 100 | 600 | 3 | 130 |
Type 5 | 120 | 600 | 10 | 175 |
Type 6 | 200 | 1200 | 50 | 260 |
GoHAP | Specific Surface Area, as (m2/g) | Skeleton Density, ρs ± SD (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|
Type 1 | 240 | 2.89 ± 0.01 |
Type 2 | 211 | 2.90 ± 0.01 |
Type 3 | 183 | 2.92 ± 0.01 |
Type 4 | 108 | 2.98 ± 0.01 |
Type 5 | 67 | 3.05 ± 0.01 |
Type 6 | 51 | 3.05 ± 0.01 |
GoHAPTM | Mean Particle Size Based on TEM Method, dTEM ± SD (nm) | Mean Particle Size Based on SSA, dSSA ± SD (nm) | Mean Size of Crystallites Based on Scherrer’s Formula | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length D(002) ± SD (nm) | Width D(300) ± SD (nm) | Aspect Ratio (D(002)/D(300)) | |||
Type 1 | 8 ± 4 | 9 ± 1 | 14 ± 7 | 5 ± 1 | 2.8 |
Type 2 | 13 ± 4 | 10 ± 1 | 21 ± 12 | 5 ± 2 | 4.2 |
Type 3 | 13 ± 6 | 11 ± 1 | 29 ± 15 | 17 ± 7 | 1.7 |
Type 4 | 20 ± 9 | 19 ± 2 | 33 ± 17 | 23 ± 8 | 1.4 |
Type 5 | 30 ± 12 | 29 ± 3 | 43 ± 20 | 27 ± 10 | 1.6 |
Type 6 | 36 ± 13 | 39 ± 4 | 51 ± 24 | 32 ± 11 | 1.6 |
GoHAP | Calcium (mol) | Phosphorus (mol) | Calcium-Phosphorus (Ca/P) Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
Type 1 | 8.29 | 5.44 | 1.52 |
Type 2 | 8.09 | 5.36 | 1.51 |
Type 3 | 9.67 | 6.40 | 1.51 |
Type 4 | 8.71 | 5.74 | 1.52 |
Type 5 | 5.38 | 3.54 | 1.52 |
Type 6 | 9.29 | 6.09 | 1.53 |
GoHAP | Magnesium (wt%) | Silicon (wt%) | Aluminum (wt%) | Iron (wt%) | Sodium (wt%) | Sodium (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type 1 | 0.225 | 0.053 | 0.019 | 0.021 | 0.082 | 0.0009 |
Type 2 | 0.219 | 0.056 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.083 | 0.0009 |
Type 3 | 0.258 | 0.049 | 0.019 | 0.020 | 0.074 | 0.010 |
Type 4 | 0.232 | 0.054 | 0.019 | 0.020 | 0.087 | 0.010 |
Type 5 | 0.144 | 0.043 | 0.013 | 0.014 | 0.073 | 0.006 |
Type 6 | 0.252 | 0.050 | 0.019 | 0.026 | 0.083 | 0.010 |
Mean value | 0.222 ± 0.041 | 0.051 ± 0.005 | 0.018 ± 0.002 | 0.020 ± 0.004 | 0.080 ± 0.006 | 0.006 ± 0.004 |
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Szałaj, U.; Chodara, A.; Gierlotka, S.; Wojnarowicz, J.; Łojkowski, W. Enhanced Release of Calcium Ions from Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles with an Increase in Their Specific Surface Area. Materials 2023, 16, 6397. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196397
Szałaj U, Chodara A, Gierlotka S, Wojnarowicz J, Łojkowski W. Enhanced Release of Calcium Ions from Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles with an Increase in Their Specific Surface Area. Materials. 2023; 16(19):6397. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196397
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzałaj, Urszula, Agnieszka Chodara, Stanisław Gierlotka, Jacek Wojnarowicz, and Witold Łojkowski. 2023. "Enhanced Release of Calcium Ions from Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles with an Increase in Their Specific Surface Area" Materials 16, no. 19: 6397. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196397