Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion through Dental Tissues—In Vitro Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tooth Sample and Positive Pressure Model Preparation
2.2. Buffer Samples Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Titration
3.2. HP Diffusion Kinetics
3.3. HP Concentrations in the Pulp Chamber
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Alkahtani, R.; Stone, S.; German, M.; Waterhouse, P. A review on dental whitening. J. Dent. 2020, 100, 103423. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kwon, S.R.; Wertz, P.W. Review of the mechanism of tooth whitening. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 2015, 27, 240–257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Maran, B.M.; Burey, A.; Matos, T.d.P.; Loguercio, A.D.; Reis, A. In-office dental bleaching with light vs. without light: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Dent. 2018, 70, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- de Geus, J.L.; Wambier, L.M.; Kossatz, S.; Loguercio, A.D.; Reis, A. At-home vs In-office Bleaching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper. Dent. 2016, 41, 341–356. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Joiner, A.; Luo, W. Tooth colour and whiteness: A review. J. Dent. 2017, 67, S3–S10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Demarco, F.F.; Meireles, S.S.; Masotti, A.S. Over-the-counter whitening agents: A concise review. Braz. Oral Res. 2009, 23 (Suppl. S1), 64–70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Pereira, R.; Silveira, J.; Dias, S.; Cardoso, A.; Mata, A.; Marques, D. Bleaching efficacy and quality of life of different bleaching techniques—Randomized controlled trial. Clin. Oral Investig. 2022, 26, 7167–7177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Council Directive 2011/84/EU of 20 September 2011. Official Journal of the European Union 2011. Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:283:0036:0038:en:PDF (accessed on 24 September 2021).
- Rodríguez-Martínez, J.; Valiente, M.; Sánchez-Martín, M. Tooth whitening: From the established treatments to novel approaches to prevent side effects. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 2019, 31, 431–440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grazioli, G.; Valente, L.L.; Isolan, C.P.; Pinheiro, H.A.; Duarte, C.G.; Münchow, E.A. Bleaching and enamel surface interactions resulting from the use of highly-concentrated bleaching gels. Arch. Oral Biol. 2018, 87, 157–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goldberg, M.; Grootveld, M.; Lynch, E. Undesirable and adverse effects of tooth-whitening products: A review. Clin. Oral Investig. 2010, 14, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rodd, H.D.; Boissonade, F.M. Substance P expression in human tooth pulp in relation to caries and pain experience. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 2000, 108, 467–474. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bowles, W.R.; Withrow, J.C.; Lepinski, A.M.; Hargreaves, K.M. Tissue Levels of Immunoreactive Substance P are Increased in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis. J. Endod. 2003, 29, 265–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sacono, N.T.; Coldebella, C.R.; Ribeiro, A.P.; Soares, D.G.; Trindade, F.Z.; Hebling, J.; Costa, C.A.S. Efeito citotóxico de agentes clareadores a base de peróxido de hidrogênio a 20% e 38% sobre células odontoblastóides. Rev. Odontológica Bras. Cent. 2010, 19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bianchi, L.; Ribeiro, A.P.D.; Carrilho, M.R.d.O.; Pashley, D.H.; Costa, C.A.d.S.; Hebling, J. Cytotoxicity of adhesive systems of different hydrophilicities on cultured odontoblast-like cells. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. 2013, 101, 1498–1507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ribeiro, A.P.D.; Sacono, N.T.; Lessa, F.C.R.; Nogueira, I.; Coldebella, C.R.; Hebling, J.; Costa, C.A.d.S. Cytotoxic effect of a 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel on odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol. 2009, 108, 458–464. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nilsson, E.; Bonte, E.; Bayet, F.; Lasfargues, J.J. Management of internal root resorption on permanent teeth. Int. J. Dent. 2013, 2013, 929486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Attin, T.; Hannig, C.; Wiegand, A.; Attin, R. Effect of bleaching on restorative materials and restorations—A systematic review. Dent. Mater. 2004, 20, 852–861. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Y.; Zhou, J.; Tan, J. Use of grape seed extract for improving the shear bond strength of total-etching adhesive to bleached enamel. Dent. Mater. J. 2018, 37, 325–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Silveira, J.; Coutinho, S.; Marques, D.; Castro, J.; Mata, A.; Carvalho, M.; Pessanha, S. Raman spectroscopy analysis of dental enamel treated with whitening product—Influence of saliva in the remineralization. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2018, 198, 145–149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Hanks, C.T.; Fat, J.C.; Wataha, J.C.; Corcoran, J.F. Cytotoxicity and Dentin Permeability of Carbamide Peroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Vital Bleaching Materials, in vitro. J. Dent. Res. 1993, 72, 931–938. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huck, C. Efeito Citotóxico Transdentinário do Peróxido de Hidrogénio em Diferentes Concentrações sobre Células de Linhagem Odontoblástica MDPC-23. Master’s Thesis, Pós-Graduação em Odontologia—Área de Dentística Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, da Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Soares, D.G.; Basso, F.G.; Hebling, J.; Costa, C.A.d.S. Concentrations of and application protocols for hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels: Effects on pulp cell viability and whitening efficacy. J. Dent. 2014, 42, 185–198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Coldebella, C.R.; Ribeiro, A.P.D.; Sacono, N.T.; Trindade, F.Z.; Hebling, J.; Costa, C.A.d.S. Indirect cytotoxicity of a 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel on cultured odontoblast-like cells. Braz. Dent. J. 2009, 20, 267–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Llena, C.; Collado-González, M.; García-Bernal, D.; Oñate-Sánchez, R.E.; Martínez, C.M.; Moraleda, J.M.; Forner, L. Comparison of diffusion, cytotoxicity and tissue inflammatory reactions of four commercial bleaching products against human dental pulp stem cells. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 7743. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Almeida, L. Avaliação da Alteração de cor, Difusão de Peróxido de Hidrogênio e Citotoxicidade Trans-Amelodentinária Causadas por Diferentes Técnicas de Clareamento Dental. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- de Lima, A.F.; Lessa, F.C.R.; Mancini, M.N.G.; Hebling, J.; Costa, C.A.d.S.; Marchi, G.M. Cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of a carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on odontoblast-like cells MDPC-23. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater. 2009, 90B, 907–912. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kwon, S.R.; Yiming, L.; Oyoyo, U.; Aprecio, R.M. Dynamic Model of Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion Kinetics into the Pulp Cavity. J. Contemp. Dent. Pr. 2012, 13, 440–445. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kwon, S.; Wertz, P.; Dawson, D.; Cobb, D.; Denehy, G. The Relationship of Hydrogen Peroxide Exposure Protocol to Bleaching Efficacy. Oper. Dent. 2013, 38, 177–185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gökay, O.; Müjdeci, A.; Algın, E. Peroxide Penetration into the Pulp from Whitening Strips. J. Endod. 2005, 30, 887–889. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gokay, O.; Mujdeci, A.; Algin, E. In vitro peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber from newer bleaching products. Int. Endod. J. 2005, 38, 516–520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bowles, W.H.; Ugwuneri, Z. Pulp chamber penetration by hydrogen peroxide following vital bleaching procedures. J. Endod. 1987, 13, 375–377. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bharti, R.; Wadhwani, W. Spectrophotometric evaluation of peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber from whitening strips and gel: An in vitro study. J. Conserv. Dent. 2013, 16, 131–134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vieira, L. Difusão do Peróxido de Hidrogénio de Agentes Branqueadores de Consultório com Diferentes Concentrações e Composições. Ph.D. Thesis, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Dentária, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Cardoso, C. Influência da Pressão Pulpar Positiva Na Difusão de Peróxido de Hidrogénio de um Produto de Branqueamento Através dos Tecidos Dentários In Vitro—Ensaio piloto. Master’s Thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Casqueiro, L.; Dias, S.; Pereira, R.; Silveira, J.; Mata, A.; Marques, D. Difusão pulpar do peróxido de hidrogénio de um produto de branqueamento—Estudo in vitro. Presentation Presented at the 41st Congresso Anual SPEMD 2021. Available online: https://revista.spemd.pt/article/1750 (accessed on 24 September 2021).
- Ciucchi, B.; Bouillaguet, S.; Holz, J.; Pashley, D. Dentinal fluid dynamics in human teeth, in vivo. J. Endod. 1995, 21, 191–194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- da Silva Marques, D.N.; Lourenço Silveira, J.M.; Oliveira Faria Marques, J.R.; Almeida Amaral, J.; Marques Guilherme, N.; Pereira da Mata, A.D.S. Kinetic release of hydrogen peroxide from different whitening products. Eur. J. Esthet. Dent. 2012, 7, 344–352. [Google Scholar]
- Vogel, A.I.; Jeffery, G.H. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed.; Harlow Essex England: New York, NY, USA; Longman Scientific Technical: Harlow, UK; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1998. [Google Scholar]
- Feitosa, V.P.; Gotti, V.B.; Grohmann, C.V.; Abuná, G.; Correr-Sobrinho, L.; Sinhoreti, M.A.C.; Correr, A.B. Two methods to simulate intrapulpal pressure: Effects upon bonding performance of self-etch adhesives. Int. Endod. J. 2014, 47, 819–826. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sauro, S.; Pashley, D.H.; Montanari, M.; Chersoni, S.; Carvalho, R.M.; Toledano, M.; Osorio, R.; Tay, F.R.; Prati, C. Effect of simulated pulpal pressure on dentin permeability and adhesion of self-etch adhesives. Dent. Mater. 2007, 23, 705–713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mottola, H.A.; Simpson, B.E.; Gorin, G. Absorptiometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in submicrogram amounts with leuco crystal violet and peroxidase as catalyst. Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 410–411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schober, P.; Boer, C.; Schwarte, L.A. Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesth. Analg. 2018, 126, 1763–1768. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- da Silva, K.L.; Favoreto, M.W.; Centenaro, G.G.; Bernardi, L.G.; Borges, C.P.F.; Reis, A.; Loguercio, A.D. Can all highly concentrated in-office bleaching gels be used as a single-application? Clin. Oral Investig. 2023, 27, 3663–3671. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matthews, B.; Vongsavan, N. Interactions between neural and hydrodynamic mechanisms in dentine and pulp. Arch. Oral Biol. 1994, 39, S87–S95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dias, S.; Mata, A.; Silveira, J.; Pereira, R.; Putignano, A.; Orsini, G.; Monterubbianesi, R.; Marques, D. Hydrogen Peroxide Release Kinetics of Four Tooth Whitening Products—In Vitro Study. Materials 2021, 14, 7597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kishta-Derani, M.; Neiva, G.; Yaman, P.; Dennison, D.; Kishta-Derani, G.N.M. In Vitro evaluation of tooth-color change using four paint-on tooth whiteners. Oper. Dent. 2007, 32, 394–398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marques, D.N.d.S.; da Mata, A.D.S.P.; Silveira, J.M.L.; Marques, J.R.O.F.; Amaral, J.P.d.A.R.; Guilherme, N.F.R.P.M. Hydrogen peroxide release kinetics into saliva from different whitening products: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Clin. Oral Investig. 2011, 16, 155–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Camps, J.; de Franceschi, H.; Idir, F.; Roland, C.; About, I. Time-course diffusion of hydrogen peroxide through human dentin: Clinical significance for young tooth internal bleaching. J. Endod. 2007, 33, 455–459. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tse, C.S.; Lynch, E.; Blake, D.R.; Williams, D.M. Is home tooth bleaching gel cytotoxic? J. Esthet. Restor. Dent. 1991, 3, 162–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Time (Minutes) | VS-A (n = 6) | OP-A (n = 6) | VS-PM (n = 6) | OP-PM (n = 6) | VS-M (n = 6) | OP-M (n = 6) | VS Overall (n = 18) | OP Overall (n = 18) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10′ | 0.081 [0.060, 0.102] | 0.032 [0.028, 0.036] | 0.071 * [0.058, 0.084] | 0.482 * [0.423, 0.540] | 0.062 [0.049, 0.075] | 0.182 [0.130, 0.234] | 0.071 * [0.062, 0.080] | 0.234 * [0.189, 0.279] |
20′ | 0.101 [0.081, 0.121] | 0.085 [0.080, 0.090] | 0.093 * [0.078, 0.108] | 0.432 * [0.376, 0.487] | 0.080 * [0.053, 0.107] | 0.755 * [0.717, 0.793] | 0.091 * [0.079, 0.103] | 0.424 * [0.365, 0.483] |
30′ | 0.086 [0.065, 0.107] | 0.075 [0.058, 0.092] | 0.095 * [0.080, 0.110] | 0.415 * [0.391, 0.439] | 0.158 [0.093, 0.223] | 0.354 [0.315, 0.393] | 0.113 * [0.090, 0.136] | 0.281 * [0.248, 0.315] |
40′ | 0.103 [0.075, 0.131] | 0.176 [0.152, 0.200] | 0.157 * [0.137, 0.177] | 0.438 * [0.395, 0.481] | 0.274 [0.227, 0.321] | 0.432 [0.394, 0.470] | 0.178 * [0.154, 0.201] | 0.349 * [0.317, 0.380] |
50′ | 0.321 [0.221, 0.421] | 0.325 [0.283, 0.367] | 0.167 * [0.151, 0.183] | 0.391 * [0.340, 0.442] | 0.625 [0.538, 0.712] | 0.638 [0.554, 0.722] | 0.371 [0.314, 0.428] | 0.451 [0.408, 0.495] |
60′ | 0.362 [0.279, 0.445] | 0.319 [0.292, 0.346] | 0.279 * [0.260, 0.298] | 0.470 * [0.425, 0.515] | 0.523 [0.420, 0.626] | 0.865 [0.774, 0.956] | 0.388 [0.340, 0.435] | 0.551 [0.494, 0.609] |
70′ | 0.164 [0.090, 0.238] | 0.224 [0.177, 0.271] | 0.197 * [0.137, 0.257] | 0.488 * [0.450, 0.525] | 0.405 [0.265, 0.545] | 0.413 [0.385, 0.441] | 0.255 [0.197, 0.314] | 0.375 [0.344, 0.406] |
80′ | 0.072 * [0.061, 0.083] | 0.178 * [0.146, 0.210] | 0.120 * [0.081, 0.159] | 0.389 * [0.367, 0.411] | 0.243 [0.197, 0.289] | 0.336 [0.302, 0.370] | 0.145 * [0.121, 0.169] | 0.301 * [0.277, 0.326] |
90′ | 0.045 * [0.037, 0.053] | 0.118 * [0.103, 0.132] | 0.030 * [0.026, 0.034] | 0.124 * [0.091, 0.157] | 0.189 [0.144, 0.234] | 0.223 [0.196, 0.250] | 0.088 * [0.068, 0.109] | 0.155 * [0.138, 0.172] |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Dias, S.; Casqueiro, L.; Pereira, R.; Silveira, J.; Mata, A.; Marques, D. Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion through Dental Tissues—In Vitro Study. Materials 2023, 16, 5552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165552
Dias S, Casqueiro L, Pereira R, Silveira J, Mata A, Marques D. Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion through Dental Tissues—In Vitro Study. Materials. 2023; 16(16):5552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165552
Chicago/Turabian StyleDias, Susana, Leonor Casqueiro, Ruben Pereira, João Silveira, António Mata, and Duarte Marques. 2023. "Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion through Dental Tissues—In Vitro Study" Materials 16, no. 16: 5552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165552
APA StyleDias, S., Casqueiro, L., Pereira, R., Silveira, J., Mata, A., & Marques, D. (2023). Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion through Dental Tissues—In Vitro Study. Materials, 16(16), 5552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165552