Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sugar Palm Fibre on Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Composites Filament for FDM 3D Printing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.2.1. Chemical Treatments
2.2.2. Sample Listing
2.2.3. Extrusion of SPF/PLA Composites
2.3. Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) Test
2.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.5. Melt Flow Index (MFI)
2.6. Rheology
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) Test
3.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
3.3. Melt Flow Index (MFI)
3.4. Rheology
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ind. | Type of PLA Composite Filament | Reference |
---|---|---|
1 | Cork/PLA | [27] |
2 | Wood Flour/PLA | [28,29,30,31,32] |
3 | Bamboo fill, Wood fill, Pine lay wood/PLA | [33] |
4 | Hemp/PLA | [34] |
5 | Hydroxyapatite (HA)/PLA | [4] |
6 | Cellulose Nanofibrils/PLA | [35] |
7 | Coffee grounds/PLA | [36] |
8 | Flax, bamboo/PLA | [37,38] |
9 | Kenaf/PLA | [39] |
10 | Hap-Cs/PLA | [40] |
11 | Walnut shell/PLA | [41] |
Ind | Type of Treatment | Name of Sample |
---|---|---|
1. | NaOH | 2.5% SPF/PLA_NaOH |
2. | Silane | 2.5% SPF/PLA_silane |
3. | NaOH + silane | 2.5% SPF/PLA_NaOH + silane |
4. | Untreated | 2.5% SPF/PLA_untreated |
Thermal Properties | |||
---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Initiation Temp. (°C) | Max. Decomposition Temp. (°C) | Final Residue (%) |
2.5% SPF/PLA_Untreated | 118.9 | 379.7 | 0.3 |
2.5% SPF/PLA_NaOH | 119.8 | 356.6 | 0.3 |
2.5% SPF/PLA_Silane | 127.8 | 377.8 | 0.3 |
2.5% SPF/PLA_NaOH+Silane | 133.6 | 375.2 | 0.4 |
Thermal Properties | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | Tg (°C) | Tc (°C) | Tm (°C) | Degradation Temperature (°C) |
2.5% SPF/PLA_Untreated | 54.0 | 137.7 | 155.0 | 383.2 |
2.5% SPF/PLA_NaOH | 60.9 | 139.0 | 155.1 | 358.4 |
2.5% SPF/PLA_Silane | 54.9 | 137.9 | 154.3 | 380.3 |
2.5% SPF/PLA_NaOH+Silane | 58.9 | 137.7 | 154.3 | 376.1 |
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Nasir, M.H.M.; Taha, M.M.; Razali, N.; Ilyas, R.A.; Knight, V.F.; Norrrahim, M.N.F. Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sugar Palm Fibre on Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Composites Filament for FDM 3D Printing. Materials 2022, 15, 8082. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228082
Nasir MHM, Taha MM, Razali N, Ilyas RA, Knight VF, Norrrahim MNF. Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sugar Palm Fibre on Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Composites Filament for FDM 3D Printing. Materials. 2022; 15(22):8082. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228082
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasir, Mohd Hakim Mohd, Mastura Mohammad Taha, Nadlene Razali, Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas, Victor Feizal Knight, and Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim. 2022. "Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sugar Palm Fibre on Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Composites Filament for FDM 3D Printing" Materials 15, no. 22: 8082. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228082