Use of the Er:YAG Laser in Conservative Dentistry: Evaluation of the Microbial Population in Carious Lesions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Trial Design, Inclusion, and Exclusion Criteria for Participants and Sample Size
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Clinical Procedures and Sample Collection
2.4. Microbiological Analysis and Procedures
2.5. Data Processing and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Er:YAG laser irradiation allowed the complete minimally invasive removal of the carious process and the creation of a conservative therapeutic cavity preparation, increasing resistance to acid dissolution, modifying enamel surface ultrastructure, and creating a micro-retentive surface for adhesive restorations.
- (2)
- There were significant differences in terms of the reduction of the total microbial load following treatment between Er:YAG therapy and CT.
- (3)
- The reductions of the microbial load following the two treatments were different in various microbial populations. For the genus Streptococcus spp., the reduction rates with laser therapy were significant.
Future Perspectives
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microrganism | Phylum | Gram-Positive | Gram-Negative |
---|---|---|---|
Staphylococcus aureus | Firmicutes | x | |
Staphylococcus epidermidis | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus oralis | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus mutans | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus salivarius | Firmicutes | x | |
Haemophilus parainfluenzae | Proteobacteria | x | |
Neisseria flava | Proteobacteria | x | |
Neisseria sicca | Proteobacteria | x | |
Candida albicans | |||
Lactobacillus casei | Firmicutes | x | |
Lactobacillus collinoides | Firmicutes | x | |
Lactobacillus salivarius | Firmicutes | x | |
Prevotella oralis | Bacteroidetes | x | |
Prevotella denticola | Bacteroidetes | x | |
Streptococcus anginosus | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus cristatus | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus gordonii | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus mitis | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus milleri | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus pyogenes | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus sanguinis | Firmicutes | x | |
Streptococcus parasanguinis | Firmicutes | x | |
Actinobacillus hominis | Proteobacteria | x | |
Actinomyces odontolyticus | Actinobacteria | x | |
Clostridium perfringens | Firmicutes | x | |
Corynebacterium propinquum | Actinobacteria | x | |
Escherichia coli | Proteobacteria | x | |
Fusobacterium nucleatum | Fusobacteria | x | |
Neisseria mucosa | Proteobacteria | x | |
Neisseria perflava | Proteobacteria | x | |
Staphylococcus hominis | Firmicutes | x | |
Staphylococcus warneri | Firmicutes | x |
Sample Collection | Percentage of CFUs Reduction after Treatments (%) | Mean CFUs (SD) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group A | Group B | CT | Er:YAG | |||
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |||
Total microrganisms | 80.6% | 91% * | 3.69 × 104 (4.56 × 104) | 7.78 × 103 (2.25 × 104) | 5.15 × 104 (4.77 × 104) | 5.52 × 103 (1.44 × 104) |
Streptococcus spp. | 72.4% | 90.2% * | 6.04 × 104 (4.64 × 104) | 1.84 × 104 (3.54 × 104) | 8.01 × 104 (3.96 × 104) | 9.40 × 103 (2.18 × 104) |
Lactobacillus spp. | 100% | 100% | 5.50 × 103 (4.50 × 103) | 0 (0) | 1 × 103 (0) | 0 (0) |
Candida spp. | 89.5% | 94.4% | 3.17 × 103 (3.39 × 103) | 5.00 × 102 (5.00 × 102) | 3.06 × 104 (4.40 × 104) | 2.00 × 103 (3.61 × 103) |
p value | 0.05 | 0.05 |
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Valenti, C.; Pagano, S.; Bozza, S.; Ciurnella, E.; Lomurno, G.; Capobianco, B.; Coniglio, M.; Cianetti, S.; Marinucci, L. Use of the Er:YAG Laser in Conservative Dentistry: Evaluation of the Microbial Population in Carious Lesions. Materials 2021, 14, 2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092387
Valenti C, Pagano S, Bozza S, Ciurnella E, Lomurno G, Capobianco B, Coniglio M, Cianetti S, Marinucci L. Use of the Er:YAG Laser in Conservative Dentistry: Evaluation of the Microbial Population in Carious Lesions. Materials. 2021; 14(9):2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092387
Chicago/Turabian StyleValenti, Chiara, Stefano Pagano, Silvia Bozza, Enrico Ciurnella, Giuseppe Lomurno, Benito Capobianco, Maddalena Coniglio, Stefano Cianetti, and Lorella Marinucci. 2021. "Use of the Er:YAG Laser in Conservative Dentistry: Evaluation of the Microbial Population in Carious Lesions" Materials 14, no. 9: 2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092387