A 3D Analysis of Dendritic Solidification and Mosaicity in Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Crystal Growth/Solidification Experiments
2.2. Tomographic Characterization, Metallographic Preparation and Crystallographic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Dendrite Growth Directions
3.2. Crystal Orientations
3.3. Evolution of Dendrite Patterns
3.4. Competitive Growth between Misoriented and Surrounding Dendrites
4. Discussion
5. Summary and Conclusions
- (1)
- The novel tomographic procedure described in the present work allows to evaluate the growth behavior of a large number of dendrites accounting for different individual growth directions. The 3D results can be visualized using color-coded orientation distribution maps where dendrite growth directions are represented by polar and azimuth angles.
- (2)
- The specimen cross sections consist of regions that frequently feature interdendrite misorientation angles less than 2°. However, a small number of isolated dendrites (0.24%) showed larger deviations in growth directions.
- (3)
- Individual dendrites grow in crystallographic <001> directions, which was shown using the recently developed rotation vector base-line electron back scatter diffraction method (RVB-EBSD method). This confirms that crystal mosaicity is directly related to dendrite misorientations.
- (4)
- Statistical distributions of primary dendrite arm spacings were evaluated. It was found that in the early stages of seeded Bridgman solidification, many dendrites form. Their number subsequently decreases, however, due to competitive dendrite growth as constant solidification conditions are established. The later solidification stages are characterized by a balance between the formation of new and the extinction of pre-existing dendrites.
- (5)
- A local scenario was documented, where two slightly misoriented dendrites strongly affect the growth kinetic of their environment. These two dendrites followed their deviating growth direction and overgrew other dendrites in their growth path. The space behind these two dendrites was subsequently filled with new tertiary dendrites, branching out from secondary dendrite arms of regularly oriented surrounding dendrites from different sides. The technique presented in this work not only provides sound statistic information on the average growth behavior but also allows to study such unusual local events.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scholz, F.; Cevik, M.; Hallensleben, P.; Thome, P.; Eggeler, G.; Frenzel, J. A 3D Analysis of Dendritic Solidification and Mosaicity in Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys. Materials 2021, 14, 4904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174904
Scholz F, Cevik M, Hallensleben P, Thome P, Eggeler G, Frenzel J. A 3D Analysis of Dendritic Solidification and Mosaicity in Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys. Materials. 2021; 14(17):4904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174904
Chicago/Turabian StyleScholz, Felicitas, Mustafa Cevik, Philipp Hallensleben, Pascal Thome, Gunther Eggeler, and Jan Frenzel. 2021. "A 3D Analysis of Dendritic Solidification and Mosaicity in Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys" Materials 14, no. 17: 4904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174904