Synthesis, Characterization and Filtration Properties of Ecofriendly Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Derived from Olive Leaves Extract
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials and Methods
2.1.1. Olive Leaves Extract Preparation
2.1.2. Synthesis of Fe3O4-NPs
2.1.3. WBDF Preparation Using Different Concentrations of Fe3O4-NPs
2.2. Characterization
2.2.1. Fe3O4-NPs Analysis
2.2.2. Rheological Properties Investigation
2.2.3. Filtration Properties
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. XRD Analysis
3.2. FESEM Analysis
3.3. FTIR Study
3.4. Effect of Fe3O4-NPs Concentration on Drilling Fluid: Rheological Properties
3.4.1. Plastic Viscosity
3.4.2. Yield Point
3.4.3. Gel Strength
3.5. Effect of Fe3O4-NPs Concentration on Drilling Fluid: Fluid Filtration Loss
4. Conclusions
- ➢
- The effect of Fe3O4-NPs concentration on the rheological property and fluid filtration was investigated.
- ➢
- The best performance in both mud cake thickness and filtrate loss enhancement was obtained with the lowest concentration of Fe3O4-NPs.
- ➢
- In an aqueous setting, the Fe3O4-NPs exhibit positive charges due to the phenolic compounds coated the nanoparticles, which would attract the bentonite clay platelets’ negatively charged surfaces.
- ➢
- Coagulation was induced by the addition of Fe3O4-NPs to the WBM; the collective behavior of various types of clay particles were induced by the addition of an electrolyte to the clay solution, promoting a linked structure.
- ➢
- The linked structure allows more water to be trapped between the layers. This causes an increase in viscosity and yield stress while reducing fluid filtration.
- ➢
- The addition of Fe3O4-NPs reduced fluid loss volume, resulting in a thinner filter cake.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Components | Amount (Concentration) |
---|---|
Distilled water (mL) | 259.65 |
Pre-hydrated bentonite slurry (g) | 25.0 |
NaOH (g) | 0.15 |
CMC (g) | 1.60 |
KCl (g) | 25.0 |
Barite (g) | 65.41 |
Fe3O4-NPs (g) | 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 |
Properties | WBDF | 1% Fe3O4 NPs | 10% Fe3O4 NPs | 50% Fe3O4 NPs |
---|---|---|---|---|
PV (mpa.s) | 14 | 18 | 20 | 20.5 |
AV (mpa.s) | 19 | 21 | 23 | 24 |
YP (pa) | 15 | 16 | 18 | 19 |
10s GS (pa) | 8 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 8.3 |
10m GS (pa) | 11 | 9 | 10.5 | 11 |
30 mn filtrate (mL) | 9 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 6.8 |
Filter cake thickness (mm) | 2.31 | 1.81 | 1.94 | 2.16 |
Filter cake thickness (inch) | 0.0787 | 0.0393 | 0.3937 | 0.7874 |
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Boudouh, D.; Ikram, R.; Mohamed Jan, B.; Simon Cornelis Metselaar, H.; Hamana, D.; Kenanakis, G. Synthesis, Characterization and Filtration Properties of Ecofriendly Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Derived from Olive Leaves Extract. Materials 2021, 14, 4306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154306
Boudouh D, Ikram R, Mohamed Jan B, Simon Cornelis Metselaar H, Hamana D, Kenanakis G. Synthesis, Characterization and Filtration Properties of Ecofriendly Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Derived from Olive Leaves Extract. Materials. 2021; 14(15):4306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154306
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoudouh, Djahida, Rabia Ikram, Badrul Mohamed Jan, Hendrik Simon Cornelis Metselaar, Djamel Hamana, and George Kenanakis. 2021. "Synthesis, Characterization and Filtration Properties of Ecofriendly Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Derived from Olive Leaves Extract" Materials 14, no. 15: 4306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154306