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10.3390/ma13010139
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Article

Influence of Melt-Pool Stability in 3D Printing of NdFeB Magnets on Density and Magnetic Properties

by
Mateusz Skalon
1,
Michael Görtler
2,
Benjamin Meier
1,2,
Siegfried Arneitz
1,*,
Nikolaus Urban
3,
Stefan Mitsche
4,
Christian Huber
5,
Joerg Franke
3 and
Christof Sommitsch
1
1
IMAT Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming, Graz University of Technology, Kopernikusgasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
2
Joanneum Research, Materials—Institute for Laser and Plasma Technology, Leobner Straße 94, 8712 Niklasdorf, Austria
3
Institute for Factory Automation and Production Systems, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fuerther Strasse 246b, 90429 Nuremberg, Germany
4
Institut für Elektronenmikroskopie und Nanoanalytik, Steyrergasse 17/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
5
Physics of Functional Materials, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2020, 13(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010139
Submission received: 1 December 2019 / Revised: 23 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 December 2019 / Published: 29 December 2019
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Abstract

The current work presents the results of an investigation focused on the influence of process parameters on the melt-track stability and its consequence to the sample density printed out of NdFeB powder. Commercially available powder of Nd7.5Pr0.7Fe75.4Co2.5B8.8Zr2.6Ti2.5 alloy was investigated at the angle of application in selective laser melting of permanent magnets. Using single track printing the stability of the melt pool was investigated under changing process parameters. The influence of changing laser power, scanning speed, and powder layer thickness on density, porosity structure, microstructure, phase composition, and magnetic properties were investigated. The results showed that energy density coupled with powder layer thickness plays a crucial role in melt-track stability. It was possible to manufacture magnets of both high relative density and high magnetic properties. Magnetization tests showed a significant correlation between the shape of the demagnetization curve and the layer height. While small layer heights are beneficial for sufficient magnetic properties, the remaining main parameters tend to affect the magnetic properties less. A quasi-linear correlation between the layer height and the magnetic properties remanence (Jr), coercivity (HcJ) and maximum energy product ((BH)max) was found.
Keywords: NdFeB; selective laser melting; additive manufacturing; melt track; powder thickness NdFeB; selective laser melting; additive manufacturing; melt track; powder thickness

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MDPI and ACS Style

Skalon, M.; Görtler, M.; Meier, B.; Arneitz, S.; Urban, N.; Mitsche, S.; Huber, C.; Franke, J.; Sommitsch, C. Influence of Melt-Pool Stability in 3D Printing of NdFeB Magnets on Density and Magnetic Properties. Materials 2020, 13, 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010139

AMA Style

Skalon M, Görtler M, Meier B, Arneitz S, Urban N, Mitsche S, Huber C, Franke J, Sommitsch C. Influence of Melt-Pool Stability in 3D Printing of NdFeB Magnets on Density and Magnetic Properties. Materials. 2020; 13(1):139. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010139

Chicago/Turabian Style

Skalon, Mateusz, Michael Görtler, Benjamin Meier, Siegfried Arneitz, Nikolaus Urban, Stefan Mitsche, Christian Huber, Joerg Franke, and Christof Sommitsch. 2020. "Influence of Melt-Pool Stability in 3D Printing of NdFeB Magnets on Density and Magnetic Properties" Materials 13, no. 1: 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010139

APA Style

Skalon, M., Görtler, M., Meier, B., Arneitz, S., Urban, N., Mitsche, S., Huber, C., Franke, J., & Sommitsch, C. (2020). Influence of Melt-Pool Stability in 3D Printing of NdFeB Magnets on Density and Magnetic Properties. Materials, 13(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010139

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