CaCO3 as an Environmentally Friendly Renewable Material for Drug Delivery Systems: Uptake of HSA-CaCO3 Nanocrystals Conjugates in Cancer Cell Lines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. CaCO3 Nanocrystals Synthesis and Bioconjugation
2.2.1. CaCO3 Nanocrystals Synthesis Procedure
2.2.2. Amino-Functionalization of CaCO3 Nanocrystals
2.2.3. Fluorescein Coupling of Amino-Functionalized CaCO3 Nanocrystals
2.2.4. Adsorption of HSA on CaCO3 nanocrystals
2.3. Material Characterization
2.3.1. Fluorescence Stability of FITC-Coupled Nanocrystals
2.3.2. Evaluation of HSA Adsorbed on CaCO3 Nanocrystals
2.3.3. TGA/DSC Measurements
2.4. Internalization Assay
2.4.1. Cell Culture
2.4.2. Cell Proliferation Assay
2.4.3. Flow Cytometry
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of CaCO3 Nanocrystals
3.2. TGA–DSC Measurements
3.3. Characterization of FITC-Coupled Nanocrystals
3.3.1. Coupling Efficiency
3.3.2. Fluorescence Stability
3.4. Internalization Assay
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Size (nm) (dH) | PDI Poly Dispersion Index | ζ-Potential (mV) |
---|---|---|---|
CCNs | 800.1 | 0.501 | −12.5 ± 1.23 |
CCNs-NH2 | 587.2 | 0.313 | +14.8 ± 0.70 |
CCNs-HSA | 497.2 | 0.467 | −19.4 ± 1.80 |
CCNs-NH2-HSA | 285.4 | 0.105 | −24.9 ± 0.62 |
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Vergaro, V.; Pisano, I.; Grisorio, R.; Baldassarre, F.; Mallamaci, R.; Santoro, A.; Suranna, G.P.; Papadia, P.; Fanizzi, F.P.; Ciccarella, G. CaCO3 as an Environmentally Friendly Renewable Material for Drug Delivery Systems: Uptake of HSA-CaCO3 Nanocrystals Conjugates in Cancer Cell Lines. Materials 2019, 12, 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091481
Vergaro V, Pisano I, Grisorio R, Baldassarre F, Mallamaci R, Santoro A, Suranna GP, Papadia P, Fanizzi FP, Ciccarella G. CaCO3 as an Environmentally Friendly Renewable Material for Drug Delivery Systems: Uptake of HSA-CaCO3 Nanocrystals Conjugates in Cancer Cell Lines. Materials. 2019; 12(9):1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091481
Chicago/Turabian StyleVergaro, Viviana, Isabella Pisano, Roberto Grisorio, Francesca Baldassarre, Rosanna Mallamaci, Antonella Santoro, Gian Paolo Suranna, Paride Papadia, Francesco Paolo Fanizzi, and Giuseppe Ciccarella. 2019. "CaCO3 as an Environmentally Friendly Renewable Material for Drug Delivery Systems: Uptake of HSA-CaCO3 Nanocrystals Conjugates in Cancer Cell Lines" Materials 12, no. 9: 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12091481