Fuel Economy Improvement of a Heavy-Duty Powertrain by Using Hardware-in-Loop Simulation and Calibration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Virtual Calibration Platform
2.2. Real-Time Dynamic Model of Powertrain
2.2.1. Diesel Model
2.2.2. Torque Converter Model
2.2.3. Gearbox Model
Gear Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
CL | √ | √ | ||
CH | √ | √ | ||
C1 | √ | √ | ||
C2 | √ | √ |
2.2.4. Driver Model
2.2.5. Vehicle Dynamic Model
3. Results
3.1. Certifying the Virtual Calibration Platform
3.2. Economic Shift Schedule
3.3. Virtual Calibration of Economic Shift Schedule Based on Driving Cycles
3.4. Real Vehicle Confirmatory Experiment
4. Conclusions
- Fuel economy improvement for a heavy-duty powertrain was performed on a dSPACE hardware-in-loop simulation and calibration test bench, which is valuable for a more efficient and easier shift schedule calibration for an off-road heavy-duty powertrain.
- For diesel powertrains, especially when an all-speed governor is employed, optimization of the speed governing rate and shift schedule should be conducted. For the first time, by using the s virtual calibration platform, the corresponding work was successfully performed.
- A real road test which corresponds to the smooth and complex driving cycles was performed in order to verify the results of the virtual calibration platform. As the results show, it is reasonable and effective to carry out virtual calibration of economic shift schedules for heavy-duty vehicles. This is proved conclusively to be instructive for calibrating a real heavy-duty vehicle’s economic performance.
- By virtual calibration, it is shown that in the smooth driving cycle, when the powertrain applies a larger speed regulation such as 12% and the corresponding shift schedule is used, the fuel consumption is smaller and reduced by 13%. In the complex driving cycle, when the powertrain applies a smaller speed regulation such as 5% and the corresponding shift schedule, the fuel consumption is smaller and reduced by 5%. By matching the best regulation of economic shift schedule under different road conditions, the fuel economy of vehicles can be improved.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Liu, B.; Ai, X.; Liu, P.; Zhang, C.; Hu, X.; Dong, T. Fuel Economy Improvement of a Heavy-Duty Powertrain by Using Hardware-in-Loop Simulation and Calibration. Energies 2015, 8, 9878-9891. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8099878
Liu B, Ai X, Liu P, Zhang C, Hu X, Dong T. Fuel Economy Improvement of a Heavy-Duty Powertrain by Using Hardware-in-Loop Simulation and Calibration. Energies. 2015; 8(9):9878-9891. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8099878
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Bolan, Xiaowei Ai, Pan Liu, Chuang Zhang, Xingqi Hu, and Tianpu Dong. 2015. "Fuel Economy Improvement of a Heavy-Duty Powertrain by Using Hardware-in-Loop Simulation and Calibration" Energies 8, no. 9: 9878-9891. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8099878