Evaluation of the Wave Energy Conversion Efficiency in Various Coastal Environments †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Device | Power per Unit (kW) | Movement | Depth (m) | Size |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oceantec | 500 | heave | 30–50 | medium |
Pelamis | 750 | surge & heave | 50–70 | medium |
P P Converter | 3620 | heave | deep | large |
Seabased | 15 | heave | 30–50 | small |
Wave Dragon | 7000 | overtopping | 30–50 | large |
Aqua Buoy | 250 | heave | >50 | small |
AWS (Archimedes Wave Swing) | 2320 | heave | 40–100 | medium |
Langlee | 1665 | oscillating flaps | deep | medium |
OE Buoy | 2800 | oscillating column | deep | medium |
Wavebob | 1000 | heave | deep | medium |
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Transformation of the Wave Energy in Western Iberian Nearshore
Points | I1 | I2 | I3 | I4 | I5 | I6 | I7 | I8 | I9 | I10 | I11 | I12 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PWmed (kW/m) | TT | 28.7 | 29.7 | 29.2 | 25.5 | 28.7 | 31.7 | 30.2 | 20.4 | 23.8 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 19.4 |
WT | 51.9 | 53.6 | 52.3 | 44.6 | 50.9 | 56.2 | 53.3 | 36.8 | 42.3 | 25.0 | 30.1 | 34.2 |
PE (kW) Point/Period | Oceantec | Pelamis | Pontoon Power C | Seabased AB | Wave Dragon | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | WT | TT | WT | TT | WT | TT | WT | TT | WT | |
I1 | 96.5 | 102.8 | 114.2 | 145.4 | 221.5 | 252.1 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 2037.2 | 2667.6 |
I2 | 99.9 | 105.4 | 118.1 | 150.2 | 227.2 | 258.5 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 2083.8 | 2730.9 |
I3 | 97.2 | 100.4 | 118.4 | 150.0 | 224.8 | 253.1 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 2112.6 | 2768.6 |
I5 | 94.4 | 94.4 | 115.6 | 144.8 | 219.7 | 244.4 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 2095.2 | 2736.4 |
I6 | 107.1 | 106.5 | 126.6 | 158.6 | 239.4 | 239.4 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 2197.8 | 2875.0 |
I7 | 105.0 | 103.6 | 124.5 | 155.9 | 236.3 | 263.7 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2172.4 | 2839.5 |
NP-Points Pw (kW/m) | NP1 | NP2 | NP3 | NP4 | NP5 | NP6 | NP7 | NP8 | NP9 | NP10 | NP11 | NP12 | NP13 | NP14 | NP15 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | 17.3 | 27.8 | 26.2 | 22.9 | 25.2 | 19.8 | 25.2 | 27.4 | 23.7 | 17.9 | 24.6 | 22.8 | 26.5 | 17.1 | 24.9 |
WT | 26.8 | 43.1 | 40.7 | 35.4 | 38.9 | 30.5 | 38.9 | 42.7 | 36.5 | 27.9 | 37.9 | 34.9 | 41.3 | 26.6 | 38.6 |
CP-points Pw (kW/m) | CP1 | CP2 | CP3 | CP4 | CP5 | CP6 | CP7 | CP8 | CP9 | CP10 | CP11 | CP12 | CP13 | CP14 | CP15 |
TT | 20.3 | 24.7 | 23.2 | 24.9 | 21.7 | 24.1 | 23.4 | 23.5 | 21.2 | 24.9 | 24.8 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 24.8 | 24.8 |
WT | 31.5 | 38.4 | 35.9 | 38.9 | 33.7 | 37.5 | 36.3 | 36.4 | 32.8 | 36.1 | 38.9 | 39.1 | 37.8 | 38.5 | 38.5 |
PE (kW) Point/Period | Pelamis | AWS | Aqua Buoy | Wave Dragon | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | WT | TT | WT | TT | WT | TT | WT | |
NP3 | 95.1 | 130 | 282.7 | 446 | 34.4 | 48.9 | 907.5 | 1359 |
NP4 | 78.7 | 109 | 246.9 | 396 | 28.8 | 41.5 | 766.7 | 1153 |
NP5 | 98.0 | 134 | 286.8 | 451 | 35.7 | 50.6 | 927.9 | 1388 |
NP8 | 101.1 | 139 | 302.8 | 476 | 36.3 | 51.4 | 979.2 | 1475 |
NP13 | 100.2 | 138 | 295.9 | 467 | 36.1 | 51.4 | 957.1 | 1440 |
CP4 | 95.8 | 132 | 274.5 | 436 | 34.1 | 48.6 | 895.8 | 1339 |
CP11 | 85.4 | 121 | 275.1 | 447 | 30.3 | 44.2 | 859.2 | 1317 |
CP13 | 102.3 | 142 | 286.9 | 455 | 36.2 | 51.8 | 955.9 | 1436 |
CP14 | 97.5 | 136 | 274.0 | 433 | 33.9 | 48.3 | 905.2 | 1354 |
CP15 | 83.1 | 115 | 262.7 | 421 | 30.0 | 43.0 | 820.8 | 1232 |
2.2. Transformation of the Wave Energy in the Nearshore of Canary Islands and Madeira Archipelago
C-points Pw (kW/m) | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | C9 | C10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | 16.3 | 16.2 | 17.3 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 16.9 | 17.4 | 19.1 | 19.1 | 19.3 |
WT | 18.2 | 18.4 | 19.2 | 19.0 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 19.2 | 20.6 | 20.6 | 20.7 |
M-points | M1 | M2 | M3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
WT | 51.5 | 65.4 | 57.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
PE (kW) Point/Period | Pelamis | AWS | Aqua Buoy | OE Buoy | Langlee | Wave Bob | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | WT | TT | WT | TT | TT | WT | WT | TT | WT | TT | WT | |
C1 | 65.4 | 78.8 | 260.1 | 403.2 | 24.3 | 52.2 | 52.9 | 32.3 | 126.9 | 168.8 | 86.9 | 112.8 |
C2 | 66.2 | 79.5 | 260.2 | 403.0 | 24.6 | 52.1 | 53.0 | 32.5 | 128.2 | 171.2 | 87.4 | 113.4 |
C3 | 76.0 | 90.0 | 273.5 | 421.0 | 27.6 | 61.5 | 62.0 | 36.0 | 143.1 | 188.5 | 95.5 | 123.0 |
C4 | 74.8 | 88.3 | 271.8 | 418.5 | 27.2 | 60.5 | 60.6 | 35.4 | 141.1 | 185.5 | 94.4 | 121.3 |
C5 | 72.5 | 80.8 | 255.3 | 391.1 | 25.8 | 61.5 | 57.2 | 32.3 | 134.4 | 169.2 | 89.7 | 111.5 |
C6 | 74.1 | 82.1 | 257.7 | 394.0 | 32.3 | 63.1 | 58.2 | 32.7 | 137.1 | 171.8 | 91.3 | 112.9 |
C7 | 81.3 | 90.4 | 270.0 | 412.6 | 28.7 | 69.2 | 64.2 | 35.8 | 149.5 | 187.9 | 98.3 | 121.9 |
C8 | 87.8 | 93.4 | 275.6 | 417.1 | 30.7 | 75.6 | 66.3 | 37.0 | 159.6 | 193.7 | 103.7 | 124.9 |
C9 | 88.5 | 93.2 | 275.8 | 416.6 | 31.0 | 76.3 | 66.1 | 37.0 | 160.7 | 193.4 | 104.2 | 124.7 |
C10 | 90.3 | 94.2 | 277.4 | 418.1 | 31.5 | 78.3 | 67.1 | 37.3 | 163.6 | 195.5 | 105.7 | 125.7 |
PE (kW) Point/Period | Pelamis | Aqua Buoy | Wave Dragon | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | WT | TT | WT | TT | WT | |
M1 | - | 134.9 | - | 40.2 | - | 1147.4 |
M3 | - | 105.3 | - | 50.4 | - | 1644.2 |
B | 60.0 | 89.0 | 15.9 | 24.0 | 391.2 | 578.1 |
F | 69.7 | 98.0 | 12.1 | 25.5 | 735.4 | 895.1 |
2.3. Transformation of the Wave Energy in Enclosed Environments with Sea Waves
2.4. Discussion
IL (%) Location/Period | Pelamis | Aqua Buoy | Wave Dragon | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | WT | TT | WT | TT | WT | |
Spanish Nearshore | 15.2–16.9 | 19.3–21.1 | - | - | 34.5–37.3 | 45.2–48.7 |
Sea Environment | - | 11.9–13.07 | - | 8.4–9.5 | - | 8.2–2.78 |
Cw (m) Location/Period | Pelamis | Aqua Buoy | Wave Dragon | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | WT | TT | WT | TT | WT | |
Spanish Nearshore | 3.98–4.13 | 2.80–2.93 | - | - | 69.42–73.05 | 51.0–53.77 |
Portuguese Nearshore | 3.3–4.2 | 3.0–3.7 | 1.2–1.5 | 1.1–1.4 | 33.1–39.2 | 32.0–38.0 |
Madeira Archipelago | - | 1.61–2.62 | - | 0.77–0.78 | - | 22.28–25.14 |
3. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Rusu, E. Evaluation of the Wave Energy Conversion Efficiency in Various Coastal Environments. Energies 2014, 7, 4002-4018. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7064002
Rusu E. Evaluation of the Wave Energy Conversion Efficiency in Various Coastal Environments. Energies. 2014; 7(6):4002-4018. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7064002
Chicago/Turabian StyleRusu, Eugen. 2014. "Evaluation of the Wave Energy Conversion Efficiency in Various Coastal Environments" Energies 7, no. 6: 4002-4018. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7064002