Study on Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of Ultra-Thin Micro-Heat Pipes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Establishing the Ultra-Thin MHP Model
2.1. Establishing the Heat and Mass Transfer Performance Test Platform
2.2. Establishing the Three-Dimensional Model
2.3. Settings of Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions
- (1)
- The heat pipe does not fail under different heating powers.
- (2)
- The evaporation and condensation occur at the gas–liquid interface. The radiative heat transfer is ignored, and only conductive and convective heat transfer are considered.
- (3)
- The flow states of liquid and gaseous working media are both laminar, and the fluids are incompressible.
- (4)
- The wick is an isotropic porous medium filled with a liquid working medium.
- (5)
- The vapor pressure inside the heat pipe equals the saturated vapor pressure at the corresponding temperature.
2.4. Settings of the Modified Parameter
2.5. Grid Independence Test
3. Heat and Mass Transfer Performance Analysis of the Ultra-Thin MHP
3.1. Influences of α on Temperature Distribution
3.2. Model Reliability Analysis
3.3. Influences of Heating Power on the Vapor Velocity Distribution
3.4. Influences of Heating Power on Temperature Distribution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Although the wick porous medium model presents a better transport capacity for the liquid working medium, an excessive α value significantly affects the calculation accuracy and stability of the model. In the given range of α values, when α = 3, the “liquid accumulation” phenomenon appears on the heat pipe model, significantly decreasing the temperature equalization property, which does not meet the temperature requirements. When α = 1.5, the heat pipe model meets the temperature requirements to the best degree; this parameter value was selected for subsequent analysis.
- (2)
- An experimental platform was built to conduct heat transfer performance experiments on ultra-thin MHP samples. The model’s reliability was verified by fitting the heat pipe samples’ surface temperature to the simulation model’s surface temperature under the same heating powers. It was found that the error between the experimental value and the simulation value decreases gradually with an increase in heating power. The deviation value is caused by the heat resistance between the wick and the pipe wall, the heat resistance between the pipe surface and the thermocouple, and the heat dissipation in the adiabatic section.
- (3)
- The flow states of the inner vapor working medium under different heating powers were analyzed by using the established ultra-thin MHP model. Under different heating powers, the vapor velocity in the inner cavity of the heat pipe model always increases first and then decreases; the maximum vapor velocity appears at the junction of the heating section and the adiabatic section. The working medium in the heating section is heated to evaporate, and a large amount of vapor is accumulated in the evaporation section. Therefore, the flow rate also reaches the maximum value. The maximum vapor velocity reaches 0.842 m/s under the heating power of 16 W. In addition, the flow rate drops to 0 m/s when approaching the central position of the condensation section.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Density | 998.2 [kg·m−3] |
Specific heat capacity | 4.102 [J·(kg·K)−1] |
Heat conductivity | 0.602 [W·(m·K)−1] |
Viscosity | 1.0015 [mPa·S] |
Surface tension | 0.073 [N·m−1] |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Length | 110.0 [mm] |
Thickness | 1.0 [mm] |
Width | 10.0 [mm] |
Wall thickness | 0.2 [mm] |
Evaporator section length | 15.0 [mm] |
Condenser section length | 40.0 [mm] |
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Xiang, Y.; Sun, Y.; Li, G.; Liu, X.; Liu, L.; Zhao, F.; Li, X. Study on Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of Ultra-Thin Micro-Heat Pipes. Energies 2024, 17, 3426. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143426
Xiang Y, Sun Y, Li G, Liu X, Liu L, Zhao F, Li X. Study on Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of Ultra-Thin Micro-Heat Pipes. Energies. 2024; 17(14):3426. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143426
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiang, Yuming, Yonghua Sun, Guolin Li, Xiangjuan Liu, Lin Liu, Fangwei Zhao, and Xibing Li. 2024. "Study on Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of Ultra-Thin Micro-Heat Pipes" Energies 17, no. 14: 3426. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143426
APA StyleXiang, Y., Sun, Y., Li, G., Liu, X., Liu, L., Zhao, F., & Li, X. (2024). Study on Heat and Mass Transfer Performance of Ultra-Thin Micro-Heat Pipes. Energies, 17(14), 3426. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143426