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Volume 15
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Article

Ammonia and Biogas from Anaerobic and Sewage Digestion for Novel Heat, Power and Transport Applications—A Techno-Economic and GHG Emissions Study for the United Kingdom

by
Oliver Grasham
1,*,
Valerie Dupont
1,*,
Timothy Cockerill
1,2 and
Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero
3,4
1
School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
3
BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
4
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Campus La Nubia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170002, Colombia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2022, 15(6), 2174; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062174
Submission received: 10 January 2022 / Revised: 4 March 2022 / Accepted: 6 March 2022 / Published: 16 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy from Biomass and Waste)
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Abstract

Anaerobic digestion (AD) and sewage sludge digestion (SD) plants generate significant quantities of ammoniacal nitrogen in their digestate liquor. This article assesses the economic viability and CO2 abatement opportunity from the utilisation of this ammonia under three scenarios and proposes their potential for uptake in the United Kingdom. Each state-of-the-art process route recovers ammonia and uses it alongside AD-produced biomethane for three different end goals: (1) the production of H2 as a bus transport fuel, (2) production of H2 for injection to the gas grid and (3) generation of heat and power via solid oxide fuel cell technology. A rigorous assessment of UK anaerobic and sewage digestion facilities revealed the production of H2 as a bus fleet transport fuel scenario as the most attractive option, with 19 SD and 42 AD existing plants of suitable scale for process implementation. This is compared to 3 SD/1 AD and 13 SD/23 AD existing plants applicable with the aim of grid injection and SOFC processing, respectively. GHG emission analysis found that new plants using the NWaste2H2 technology could enable GHG reductions of up to 4.3 and 3.6 kg CO2e for each kg bio-CH4 supplied as feedstock for UK SD and AD plants, respectively.
Keywords: anaerobic digestion; sewage digestion; wastewater treatment plants; hydrogen; fuel cells; techno-economics; ammonia; nutrient recovery anaerobic digestion; sewage digestion; wastewater treatment plants; hydrogen; fuel cells; techno-economics; ammonia; nutrient recovery

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MDPI and ACS Style

Grasham, O.; Dupont, V.; Cockerill, T.; Camargo-Valero, M.A. Ammonia and Biogas from Anaerobic and Sewage Digestion for Novel Heat, Power and Transport Applications—A Techno-Economic and GHG Emissions Study for the United Kingdom. Energies 2022, 15, 2174. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062174

AMA Style

Grasham O, Dupont V, Cockerill T, Camargo-Valero MA. Ammonia and Biogas from Anaerobic and Sewage Digestion for Novel Heat, Power and Transport Applications—A Techno-Economic and GHG Emissions Study for the United Kingdom. Energies. 2022; 15(6):2174. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062174

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grasham, Oliver, Valerie Dupont, Timothy Cockerill, and Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero. 2022. "Ammonia and Biogas from Anaerobic and Sewage Digestion for Novel Heat, Power and Transport Applications—A Techno-Economic and GHG Emissions Study for the United Kingdom" Energies 15, no. 6: 2174. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062174

APA Style

Grasham, O., Dupont, V., Cockerill, T., & Camargo-Valero, M. A. (2022). Ammonia and Biogas from Anaerobic and Sewage Digestion for Novel Heat, Power and Transport Applications—A Techno-Economic and GHG Emissions Study for the United Kingdom. Energies, 15(6), 2174. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062174

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