The Transient Thermal Disturbance in Surrounding Formation during Drilling Circulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Governing Equations
- (1)
- Incompressible single-phase fluid (i.e., oil, no free gas);
- (2)
- Constant heat properties;
- (3)
- No reservoir flow;
- (4)
- Negligible Joule–Thomson effect;
- (5)
- The heated mud through deep formation is sufficiently cooled to the injecting temperature. The circulating mud is often observed to be heated by the circulation through the deep formation in the drilling practice; this phenomenon becomes more distinct when the circulation time gets longer.
2.2. Numerical Scheme
3. Results
3.1. Validation
3.2. Identification of Thermal Disturbance
4. Sensitivity Analysis
4.1. Circulation Rate
4.2. Circulation Time
4.3. Injecting Temperature
4.4. Mud Density
5. Conclusions
- The circulating mud cools down the formation near the wellbore during drilling, causing the thermal disturbance in the formation. The TDR is the radial distance where the thermal disturbance occurs. Thus, the TDR acts as a quantified indicator of thermal disturbance.
- The TDR tends to increase with the temperature difference between the fluids in the annulus and the formation, evidenced by the largest TDR being observed at the bottom hole.
- Among the operational parameters, circulation time is the most influential factor in changing TDR, meaning measured temperature data may be inaccurate if the drilling operation time lasts longer. Meanwhile, other parameters (i.e., circulation rate, injecting temperature, and mud density) have insignificant effects.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
A | horizontal cross-sectional area, |
c | specific heat capacity, |
d | hydraulic diameter, |
geothermal gradient, | |
convection heat transfer coefficient between sections x and y, | |
intersection length between sections x and y, | |
total number of grid cells in r direction | |
total number of grid cells in z direction | |
total number of time steps | |
Nu | Nusselt number |
Prandtl number | |
well flow rate, | |
heat flux per unit depth from section x to section y, | |
radius, | |
Reynolds number | |
time, | |
temperature, | |
depth, | |
thermal conductivity, | |
radial discretization size, | |
temporal discretization size, | |
vertical discretization size, | |
average temperature gradient, | |
viscosity, | |
density, | |
Subscript | |
a | annulus |
bot | bottom |
bth | bottom hole |
c | casing |
circ | circulation |
D | dimensionless |
f | formation |
e | reservoir boundary |
h | drilling hole |
i | r-index |
j | z-index |
inj | injection |
m | drilling mud |
p | drill pipe |
surf | surface |
top | top |
Superscript | |
n | t-index |
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Circulation rate, , L/s | 18 |
Circulation time, , h | 24 |
Inlet temperature, , °C | 25 |
Surface temperature, , °C | 15 |
Density of the drilling mud, , kg/m3 | 1200 |
Density of the formation, , kg/m3 | 2640 |
Thermal conductivity of the drilling mud, , W/m. °C | 1.25 |
Thermal conductivity of the formation, , W/m. °C | 1.75 |
Specific heat of the drilling fluid, , J/kg. °C | 1600 |
Specific heat of the formation, , J/kg. °C | 800 |
Well depth, , m | 4900 |
Geothermal gradient, , °C /100 m | 2.23 |
Wellbore diameter, , mm | 210 |
Inner diameter of the drill pipe, , mm | 121.4 |
Outer diameter of the drill pipe, , mm | 139.7 |
Discretization levels ) | (200, 100, 7) |
Section | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Circulation rate, q, L/s | 20, 40, 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 |
Circulation time, , h | 168 | 24, 72, 168 | 168 | 168 |
Injecting temperature, , °C | 25 | 25 | 25, 50, 75 | 25 |
Mud density, , 1000 kg/m3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0, 1.2, 1.6 |
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Jang, M.; Chun, T.S.; An, J. The Transient Thermal Disturbance in Surrounding Formation during Drilling Circulation. Energies 2022, 15, 8052. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218052
Jang M, Chun TS, An J. The Transient Thermal Disturbance in Surrounding Formation during Drilling Circulation. Energies. 2022; 15(21):8052. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218052
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang, Minsoo, Troy S. Chun, and Jaewoo An. 2022. "The Transient Thermal Disturbance in Surrounding Formation during Drilling Circulation" Energies 15, no. 21: 8052. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218052
APA StyleJang, M., Chun, T. S., & An, J. (2022). The Transient Thermal Disturbance in Surrounding Formation during Drilling Circulation. Energies, 15(21), 8052. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218052