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Volume 15
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Article

Modeling and Experimental Investigation of the Anode Inlet Relative Humidity Effect on a PEM Fuel Cell

by
Lu Zhang
1,
Yongfeng Liu
1,2,*,
Guijun Bi
3,*,
Xintong Liu
1,
Long Wang
1,
Yuan Wan
1 and
Hua Sun
4
1
School of Mechanical-Electronic and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3
Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), 73 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637662, Singapore
4
School of Humanities, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4532; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134532
Submission received: 10 March 2022 / Revised: 12 June 2022 / Accepted: 14 June 2022 / Published: 21 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Testing and Fault Diagnosis for Fuel Cells)
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Abstract

External humidification has been used as a flexible water management strategy for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). To study the anode inlet relative humidity (ARH) effect on the performance of PEMFC, the anode inlet water content (AIWC) model is established, including condensation rates and water activity. A comparable analysis between the AIWC model, Fluent model and experiment is conducted at 60 °C operating temperature, four different anode relative humidities (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), and 100% cathode relative humidity (CRH). The species distributions of water content and hydrogen concentration are presented and analyzed. The results show the relative error of the voltage results derived from the AIWC model has been reduced by 3.2% (the original is 4.6% in the Fluent model) especially at 240 mA·cm−2 for 50% ARH. An increase in hydrogen humidity can improve the PEMFC output at low ARH (25% and 50%). Meanwhile, at high ARH (100%), the excess water produced does not play a positive role. At 50% ARH, the water content and hydrogen distribution are more uniform all over the anode channels.
Keywords: PEMFC; relative humidity; condensation rate; inlet water content; species distribution PEMFC; relative humidity; condensation rate; inlet water content; species distribution
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, L.; Liu, Y.; Bi, G.; Liu, X.; Wang, L.; Wan, Y.; Sun, H. Modeling and Experimental Investigation of the Anode Inlet Relative Humidity Effect on a PEM Fuel Cell. Energies 2022, 15, 4532. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134532

AMA Style

Zhang L, Liu Y, Bi G, Liu X, Wang L, Wan Y, Sun H. Modeling and Experimental Investigation of the Anode Inlet Relative Humidity Effect on a PEM Fuel Cell. Energies. 2022; 15(13):4532. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134532

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Lu, Yongfeng Liu, Guijun Bi, Xintong Liu, Long Wang, Yuan Wan, and Hua Sun. 2022. "Modeling and Experimental Investigation of the Anode Inlet Relative Humidity Effect on a PEM Fuel Cell" Energies 15, no. 13: 4532. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134532

APA Style

Zhang, L., Liu, Y., Bi, G., Liu, X., Wang, L., Wan, Y., & Sun, H. (2022). Modeling and Experimental Investigation of the Anode Inlet Relative Humidity Effect on a PEM Fuel Cell. Energies, 15(13), 4532. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134532

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