Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide Production from Co-Digestion of Gummy Waste with a Food Waste, Grease Waste, and Dairy Manure Mixture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) Test Procedures
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Methane (CH4) Production
3.2. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Production
3.3. Effect of Retention Time and Solids Degradation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Gummy Vitamin Waste | Food Waste | Grease Waste | Dairy Manure | Inoculum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Solids (g/kg) | 464 ± 2.0 | 91.0 ± 1.0 | 673 ± 4.5 | 94.5 ± 3.6 | 64.8 ± 0.9 |
Volatile Solids (g/kg) | 463 ± 2.1 | 83.1 ± 1.1 | 645 ± 1.5 | 81.7 ± 3.6 | 47.5 ± 0.8 |
Digestion Substrate and Inoculum | Inoculum (g) | DM (g) | FW (g) | GW (g) | GVW (g) | TS (g/L) | VS (g/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inoculum control | 31.9 | - | - | - | - | 64.1 | 47.0 |
Dairy manure (DM) | 31.9 | 18.3 | - | - | - | 71.7 | 59.5 |
Food waste (FW) | 31.9 | - | 18.1 | - | - | 74.2 | 60.0 |
Grease waste (GW) | 31.9 | - | - | 2.3 | - | 105 | 87.6 |
Gummy vitamin waste (GVW) | 31.9 | - | - | - | 3.2 | 101 | 85.5 |
DM.FW.GW (0% GVW) | 23.9 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 0.9 | - | 86.3 | 71.5 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (5% GVW) | 28.1 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 88.2 | 73.5 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (9% GVW) | 31.9 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 89.5 | 74.5 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (23% GVW) | 47.9 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 93.1 | 78.0 |
Treatment | CH4 (%) * | mL CH4/g VS | mL CH4/g Substrate | mL H2S/kg VS | mL H2S/kg Substrate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dairy manure (DM) | 53.7 ± 0.5 | 149 ± 11 | 12.2 ± 0.1 | 212 ± 17 | 17.4 ± 1.4 |
Food waste (FW) | 14.8 ± 1.1 | 0 # | 0 # | 99.7 ± 8.8 | 8.3 ± 0.7 |
Grease waste (GW) | 25.7 ± 3.0 | 10 ± 4.5 | 6.3 ± 2.9 | 33.1 ± 30.4 | 21.4 ± 19.6 |
Gummy vitamin waste (GVW) | 6.98 ± 0.9 | 0 # | 0 # | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.1 |
DM.FW.GW (0% GVW) | 67.4 ± 0.2 | 373 ± 6 | 56.0 ± 0.8 | 35.1 ± 2.2 | 5.3 ± 0.3 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (5% GVW) | 66.6 ± 1.6 | 374 ± 12 | 62.5 ± 2 | 71.9 ± 13.7 | 12.0 ± 2.3 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (9% GVW) | 68.3 ± 1.2 | 355 ± 3 | 64.1 ± 0.5 | 70.4 ± 5.2 | 12.7 ± 0.9 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (23% GVW) | 71.1 ± 1.0 | 336 ± 12 | 76.3 ± 2.7 | 68.3 ± 16.6 | 15.5 ± 3.8 |
Treatment | Initial VS (g/L) | Final VS (g/L) | Decrease in VS (%) | Initial pH | Final pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dairy manure (DM) | 59.5 | 48.0 ± 1.8 | 19.3% | 7.64 | 7.75 |
Food waste (FW) | 60.0 | 42.0 ± 2.5 | 30.0% | 7.11 | 6.24 |
Grease Waste (GW) | 87.5 | 79.5 ± 1.1 | 9.1% | 7.79 | 7.21 |
Gummy vitamin waste (GVW) | 85.5 | 53.0 ± 0.5 | 38.0% | 7.75 | 6.24 |
DM.FW.GW (0% GVW) | 71.5 | 49.4 ± 0.8 | 30.9% | 7.92 | 7.97 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (5% GVW) | 73.5 | 47.6 ± 3.0 | 35.2% | 7.84 | 7.95 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (9% GVW) | 74.5 | 49.2 ± 1.3 | 34.0% | 7.87 | 7.95 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (23% GVW) | 78.0 | 51.0 ± 2.6 | 34.6% | 7.77 | 7.88 |
Treatment | Day 20 (mL CH4/g VS) | Day 46 (mL CH4/g VS) | Day 67 (mL CH4/g VS) |
---|---|---|---|
Dairy manure (DM) | 64 (43%) | 133 (89%) | 149 |
DM.FW.GW (0% GVW) | 7 (2%) | 299 (80%) | 373 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (5% GVW) | 30 (8%) | 268 (72%) | 374 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (9% GVW) | 29 (8%) | 245 (69%) | 355 |
GVW.DM.FW.GW (23% GVW) | 10 (3%) | 193 (57%) | 336 |
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Choudhury, A.; Lansing, S. Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide Production from Co-Digestion of Gummy Waste with a Food Waste, Grease Waste, and Dairy Manure Mixture. Energies 2019, 12, 4464. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234464
Choudhury A, Lansing S. Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide Production from Co-Digestion of Gummy Waste with a Food Waste, Grease Waste, and Dairy Manure Mixture. Energies. 2019; 12(23):4464. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234464
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoudhury, Abhinav, and Stephanie Lansing. 2019. "Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide Production from Co-Digestion of Gummy Waste with a Food Waste, Grease Waste, and Dairy Manure Mixture" Energies 12, no. 23: 4464. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234464