Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Jaws: Management and Outcomes in a Tertiary Maxillofacial Surgery Unit
Abstract
1. Introduction
- Acute Osteomyelitis (AO)—duration less than 4 weeks.
- Secondary Chronic Osteomyelitis (SCO)—duration of more than 4 weeks, often evolving from an acute episode, marked by milder symptoms.
- Primary Chronic Osteomyelitis (PCO)—a non-suppurative, idiopathic chronic inflammation, typically presenting with intermittent flare-ups intersected with symptom-free periods.
Objectives
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Clinical
3.2. Management
3.2.1. Diagnosis
3.2.2. Treatment
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total n = 53 | |
---|---|
Age at diagnosis, y | |
Median (IQR) | 55 (5–90) |
Sex | |
Male | 25 (47.2) |
Female | 28 (52.8) |
Smoking Habits | |
Yes | 12 (22.6) |
No | 41 (77.4) |
Alcohol habits | |
Yes | 4 (7.5) |
No | 49 (92.5) |
Jaw affected | |
Mandible | 45 (84.9) |
Maxilla | 8 (15.1) |
Both | 1 (1.9) |
Immunocompromised condition | 22 (41.5) |
Iatrogenic | 8 (36.3) |
Cancer | 8 (36.3) |
HIV | 1 (4.5) |
Diabetes | 1 (4.5) |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | 1 (4.5) |
Tuberculosis | 1 (4.5) |
Hepatic disease | 1 (4.5) |
Renal disease | 1 (4.5) |
Etiology | |
Primary chronic osteomyelitis | 6 (11.3) |
Secondary chronic osteomyelitis | 47 (88.7) |
Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw | 18 (38.3) |
Osteoradionecrosis | 7 (14.8) |
Bone disease | 8 (17) |
Trauma | 3 (6.3) |
Alveolar–dental | 8 (17) |
Periimplantitis | 1 (2.1) |
Bone graft | 1 (2.1) |
Post orthognathic | 1 (2.1) |
Total n = 53 | |
---|---|
Imaging | 49 (92.5) |
CT scan | 46 (93.9) |
OPG | 3 (6.1) |
Bacteriological samples | |
Performed | 25 (47.2) |
Polymicrobial | 4 (16) |
Germens isolated | 13 (52) |
Actinomyces | 6 (46.2) |
Streptococcus | 5 (38.5) |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 2 (15.4) |
Staphylococcus | 1 (7.7) |
Citrobacter braakii | 1 (7.7) |
Hafnia alvei | 1 (7.7) |
Eikenella corrodens | 1 (7.7) |
Proteus mirabilis | 1 (7.7) |
Prevotella buccae | 1 (7.7) |
Morganella morganii | 1 (7.7) |
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© 2025 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the AO Foundation. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Santos, P.; Moreira, C.; Gião, N.; Coelho, P.V. Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Jaws: Management and Outcomes in a Tertiary Maxillofacial Surgery Unit. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2025, 18, 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr18040043
Santos P, Moreira C, Gião N, Coelho PV. Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Jaws: Management and Outcomes in a Tertiary Maxillofacial Surgery Unit. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction. 2025; 18(4):43. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr18040043
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantos, Patrícia, Carolina Moreira, Nuno Gião, and Paulo Valejo Coelho. 2025. "Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Jaws: Management and Outcomes in a Tertiary Maxillofacial Surgery Unit" Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 18, no. 4: 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr18040043
APA StyleSantos, P., Moreira, C., Gião, N., & Coelho, P. V. (2025). Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Jaws: Management and Outcomes in a Tertiary Maxillofacial Surgery Unit. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction, 18(4), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr18040043