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Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association is published by MDPI from Volume 116 Issue 1 (2026). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with American Podiatric Medical Association.
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Article

Effect of Tube Angulation on the Measurement of Intermetatarsal Angles

by
René E. Weijers
1,*,
Alphons G. H. Kessels
2,
Geert H. I. M. Walenkamp
3,
Henk van Mameren
4 and
Gerrit J. Kemerink
1
1
Department of Radiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
2
Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
3
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
4
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 2005, 95(4), 370-375; https://doi.org/10.7547/0950370
Published: 1 July 2005
Versions Notes

Abstract

We systematically investigated the effect of tube angulation on angular distortion of the anteroposterior radiograph of the foot. Three-dimensional data from the metatarsals originating from computed tomographic scans of ten healthy volunteers were projected onto the supporting surface at various tube angulations to simulate radiography. The distortion of the intermetatarsal angles decreased from 1.2° to 3.5° at 20° tube angulation to 0.4° to 2.7° at 0° tube angulation. The relatively small improvement in angular measurement using 0° instead of 15° tube angulation would not outweigh the adverse effects of changing the standard radiographic technique. Physician awareness of this source of error when planning surgical therapy seems more important. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(4): 370–375, 2005)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Weijers, R.E.; Kessels, A.G.H.; Walenkamp, G.H.I.M.; van Mameren, H.; Kemerink, G.J. Effect of Tube Angulation on the Measurement of Intermetatarsal Angles. J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. 2005, 95, 370-375. https://doi.org/10.7547/0950370

AMA Style

Weijers RE, Kessels AGH, Walenkamp GHIM, van Mameren H, Kemerink GJ. Effect of Tube Angulation on the Measurement of Intermetatarsal Angles. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2005; 95(4):370-375. https://doi.org/10.7547/0950370

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weijers, René E., Alphons G. H. Kessels, Geert H. I. M. Walenkamp, Henk van Mameren, and Gerrit J. Kemerink. 2005. "Effect of Tube Angulation on the Measurement of Intermetatarsal Angles" Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 95, no. 4: 370-375. https://doi.org/10.7547/0950370

APA Style

Weijers, R. E., Kessels, A. G. H., Walenkamp, G. H. I. M., van Mameren, H., & Kemerink, G. J. (2005). Effect of Tube Angulation on the Measurement of Intermetatarsal Angles. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 95(4), 370-375. https://doi.org/10.7547/0950370

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