Correction: Leightner (2024). How Australia Has Been Affected by US Monetary and Fiscal Policies: 1960 to 2022. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3), 96
Reference
- Leightner, J. (2024). How Australia has been affected by US monetary and fiscal policies: 1960 to 2022. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3), 96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
dY/dUSG | dY/dUSM1 | dY/dUSG | dY/dUSM1 | dY/dUSG | dY/dUSM1 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
min | max | min | max | min | max | min | max | min | max | min | max | |||
1961.1 | 0.034 | 0.042 | 60.2 | 96.6 | 1981.3 | 0.040 | 0.053 | 20.8 | 144.2 | 2002.1 | 0.180 | 0.191 | −248.7 | −133.4 |
1961.2 | 0.033 | 0.041 | 54.1 | 91.2 | 1981.4 | 0.043 | 0.054 | 47.0 | 148.2 | 2002.2 | 0.184 | 0.191 | −238.8 | −127.2 |
1961.3 | 0.033 | 0.041 | 53.3 | 90.0 | 1982.1 | 0.046 | 0.055 | 79.4 | 163.2 | 2002.3 | 0.180 | 0.190 | −201.8 | −130.4 |
1961.4 | 0.034 | 0.039 | 57.7 | 77.3 | 1982.2 | 0.048 | 0.055 | 93.5 | 159.0 | 2002.4 | 0.179 | 0.190 | −232.7 | −135.0 |
1962.1 | 0.034 | 0.040 | 57.7 | 81.7 | 1982.3 | 0.041 | 0.056 | 29.1 | 171.0 | 2003.1 | 0.179 | 0.187 | −245.4 | −134.0 |
1962.2 | 0.035 | 0.042 | 62.9 | 92.9 | 1982.4 | 0.039 | 0.053 | 11.1 | 145.4 | 2003.2 | 0.179 | 0.187 | −243.6 | −166.7 |
1962.3 | 0.037 | 0.045 | 70.1 | 106.7 | 1983.1 | 0.039 | 0.053 | 8.8 | 140.5 | 2003.3 | 0.179 | 0.189 | −244.2 | −162.6 |
1962.4 | 0.038 | 0.045 | 75.0 | 106.8 | 1983.2 | 0.039 | 0.052 | 12.8 | 127.2 | 2003.4 | 0.180 | 0.189 | −248.1 | −146.2 |
1963.1 | 0.039 | 0.048 | 79.2 | 122.9 | 1983.3 | 2004.1 | 0.182 | 0.189 | −233.2 | −145.0 | ||||
1963.2 | 0.041 | 0.049 | 89.5 | 129.4 | 1983.4 | 2004.2 | 0.181 | 0.189 | −218.5 | −148.4 | ||||
1963.3 | 0.042 | 0.049 | 90.1 | 129.5 | 1984.1 | 2004.3 | 0.180 | 0.188 | −227.4 | −147.9 | ||||
1963.4 | 0.042 | 0.049 | 89.5 | 128.8 | 1984.2 | 2004.4 | 0.182 | 0.184 | −233.4 | −157.5 | ||||
1964.1 | 0.044 | 0.049 | 100.0 | 127.0 | 1984.3 | 0.189 | 0.215 | −130.0 | 96.6 | 2005.1 | 0.181 | 0.187 | −219.2 | −198.4 |
1964.2 | 0.044 | 0.049 | 100.7 | 123.3 | 1984.4 | 0.185 | 0.208 | −166.4 | 57.2 | 2005.2 | 0.182 | 0.188 | −230.6 | −167.0 |
1964.3 | 0.044 | 0.048 | 101.1 | 119.9 | 1985.1 | 0.188 | 0.197 | −196.7 | −2.6 | 2005.3 | 0.183 | 0.188 | −224.0 | −161.5 |
1964.4 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 105.9 | 128.5 | 1985.2 | 0.185 | 0.197 | −176.0 | −98.1 | 2005.4 | 0.182 | 0.188 | −209.3 | −159.3 |
1965.1 | 0.044 | 0.050 | 96.8 | 130.6 | 1985.3 | 0.184 | 0.193 | −195.5 | −94.2 | 2006.1 | 0.183 | 0.189 | −226.6 | −154.8 |
1965.2 | 0.043 | 0.050 | 91.6 | 130.6 | 1985.4 | 0.180 | 0.191 | −199.5 | −131.2 | 2006.2 | 0.183 | 0.189 | −222.2 | −152.2 |
1965.3 | 0.042 | 0.049 | 85.6 | 125.5 | 1986.1 | 0.174 | 0.190 | −231.0 | −146.3 | 2006.3 | 0.182 | 0.192 | −221.7 | −154.5 |
1965.4 | 0.042 | 0.048 | 82.3 | 120.8 | 1986.2 | 0.174 | 0.187 | −276.0 | −150.5 | 2006.4 | 0.183 | 0.196 | −227.2 | −115.8 |
1966.1 | 0.043 | 0.044 | 92.4 | 95.5 | 1986.3 | 0.174 | 0.190 | −272.2 | −174.0 | 2007.1 | 0.187 | 0.196 | −224.3 | −71.8 |
1966.2 | 0.043 | 0.046 | 90.4 | 103.7 | 1986.4 | 0.174 | 0.191 | −274.7 | −146.6 | 2007.2 | 0.189 | 0.196 | −175.9 | −69.8 |
1966.3 | 0.043 | 0.047 | 91.6 | 108.6 | 1987.1 | 0.175 | 0.199 | −274.6 | −129.2 | 2007.3 | 0.191 | 0.195 | −150.0 | −74.2 |
1966.4 | 0.044 | 0.047 | 92.7 | 108.5 | 1987.2 | 0.185 | 0.201 | −258.7 | −73.3 | 2007.4 | 0.191 | 0.197 | −134.1 | −76.2 |
1967.1 | 0.042 | 0.047 | 80.0 | 112.1 | 1987.3 | 0.190 | 0.202 | −182.8 | −56.9 | 2008.1 | 0.190 | 0.198 | −134.9 | −57.0 |
1967.2 | 0.040 | 0.047 | 66.7 | 112.8 | 1987.4 | 0.193 | 0.206 | −141.9 | −42.7 | 2008.2 | 0.190 | 0.198 | −137.8 | −43.4 |
1967.3 | 0.035 | 0.047 | 32.7 | 110.9 | 1988.1 | 0.198 | 0.211 | −117.5 | −16.6 | 2008.3 | 0.189 | 0.198 | −144.4 | −43.8 |
1967.4 | 0.035 | 0.044 | 29.2 | 92.7 | 1988.2 | 0.199 | 0.215 | −81.8 | 22.8 | 2008.4 | 0.181 | 0.200 | −141.9 | −44.0 |
1968.1 | 0.035 | 0.043 | 31.0 | 81.9 | 1988.3 | 0.202 | 0.222 | −67.4 | 59.7 | 2009.1 | 0.174 | 0.197 | −235.2 | −17.0 |
1968.2 | 0.035 | 0.045 | 28.3 | 96.2 | 1988.4 | 0.206 | 0.222 | −48.1 | 122.0 | 2009.2 | 0.173 | 0.191 | −309.0 | −47.8 |
1968.3 | 0.035 | 0.047 | 31.0 | 105.5 | 1989.1 | 0.210 | 0.225 | −14.4 | 118.0 | 2009.3 | 0.172 | 0.187 | −323.8 | −124.1 |
1968.4 | 0.040 | 0.046 | 61.3 | 102.0 | 1989.2 | 0.210 | 0.225 | 20.2 | 147.1 | 2009.4 | 0.173 | 0.184 | −328.8 | −167.9 |
1969.1 | 0.043 | 0.047 | 77.8 | 103.6 | 1989.3 | 0.208 | 0.225 | 30.1 | 149.6 | 2010.1 | 0.173 | 0.192 | −318.8 | −193.4 |
1969.2 | 0.044 | 0.046 | 87.5 | 102.2 | 1989.4 | 0.203 | 0.221 | 15.2 | 149.6 | 2010.2 | 0.178 | 0.195 | −318.5 | −110.7 |
1969.3 | 0.044 | 0.047 | 86.8 | 105.1 | 1990.1 | 0.199 | 0.221 | −26.9 | 121.3 | 2010.3 | 0.182 | 0.196 | −266.2 | −73.8 |
1969.4 | 0.044 | 0.049 | 86.0 | 117.8 | 1990.2 | 0.195 | 0.213 | −63.5 | 123.7 | 2010.4 | 0.188 | 0.197 | −218.4 | −63.7 |
1970.1 | 0.045 | 0.049 | 91.9 | 117.1 | 1990.3 | 0.183 | 0.210 | −93.1 | 59.8 | 2011.1 | 0.191 | 0.199 | −148.8 | −55.3 |
1970.2 | 0.044 | 0.049 | 85.3 | 117.6 | 1990.4 | 0.176 | 0.204 | −203.3 | 34.9 | 2011.2 | 0.191 | 0.200 | −114.4 | −32.8 |
1970.3 | 0.045 | 0.049 | 86.6 | 118.0 | 1991.1 | 0.165 | 0.199 | −262.7 | −19.7 | 2011.3 | 0.192 | 0.200 | −111.7 | −29.7 |
1970.4 | 0.045 | 0.049 | 85.3 | 116.2 | 1991.2 | 0.160 | 0.190 | −357.0 | −64.9 | 2011.4 | 0.196 | 0.200 | −102.5 | −24.4 |
1971.1 | 0.045 | 0.048 | 88.7 | 105.7 | 1991.3 | 0.162 | 0.178 | −395.5 | −141.8 | 2012.1 | 0.196 | 0.202 | −66.7 | −31.6 |
1971.2 | 0.044 | 0.047 | 83.3 | 105.2 | 1991.4 | 0.162 | 0.176 | −370.0 | −242.1 | 2012.2 | 0.196 | 0.204 | −64.5 | −17.5 |
1971.3 | 0.043 | 0.048 | 68.8 | 109.8 | 1992.1 | 0.161 | 0.172 | −370.0 | −248.8 | 2012.3 | 0.197 | 0.205 | −67.4 | −4.6 |
1971.4 | 0.042 | 0.048 | 66.8 | 106.1 | 1992.2 | 0.163 | 0.173 | −378.8 | −273.4 | 2012.4 | 0.199 | 0.208 | −53.4 | 3.1 |
1972.1 | 0.041 | 0.047 | 55.9 | 100.1 | 1992.3 | 0.165 | 0.175 | −350.8 | −270.1 | 2013.1 | 0.202 | 0.209 | −39.5 | 23.6 |
1972.2 | 0.040 | 0.045 | 50.2 | 84.5 | 1992.4 | 0.165 | 0.175 | −327.9 | −252.2 | 2013.2 | 0.204 | 0.211 | −16.2 | 32.1 |
1972.3 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 49.1 | 77.3 | 1993.1 | 0.165 | 0.176 | −327.6 | −241.0 | 2013.3 | 0.204 | 0.218 | −4.6 | 42.8 |
1972.4 | 0.038 | 0.044 | 37.0 | 78.8 | 1993.2 | 0.169 | 0.180 | −326.4 | −223.4 | 2013.4 | 0.207 | 0.221 | −6.6 | 86.6 |
1973.1 | 0.039 | 0.042 | 39.6 | 65.6 | 1993.3 | 0.172 | 0.182 | −290.1 | −198.3 | 2014.1 | 0.208 | 0.221 | 19.3 | 104.3 |
1973.2 | 0.037 | 0.048 | 28.4 | 102.5 | 1993.4 | 0.173 | 0.187 | −257.1 | −181.5 | 2014.2 | 0.208 | 0.221 | 20.5 | 104.3 |
1973.3 | 0.038 | 0.051 | 34.4 | 126.2 | 1994.1 | 0.177 | 0.189 | −245.6 | −145.0 | 2014.3 | 0.206 | 0.221 | 17.3 | 104.6 |
1973.4 | 0.039 | 0.053 | 43.6 | 137.2 | 1994.2 | 0.181 | 0.190 | −217.3 | −135.0 | 2014.4 | 0.202 | 0.217 | 0.5 | 105.8 |
1974.1 | 0.044 | 0.052 | 74.4 | 134.8 | 1994.3 | 0.184 | 0.191 | −186.3 | −123.7 | 2015.1 | 0.199 | 0.211 | −26.4 | 78.9 |
1974.2 | 0.048 | 0.051 | 99.6 | 125.6 | 1994.4 | 0.181 | 0.192 | −167.9 | −117.1 | 2015.2 | 0.194 | 0.209 | −45.9 | 36.0 |
1974.3 | 0.041 | 0.052 | 49.5 | 137.2 | 1995.1 | 0.181 | 0.196 | −194.9 | −106.5 | 2015.3 | 0.189 | 0.205 | −81.3 | 21.2 |
1974.4 | 0.037 | 0.051 | 12.5 | 125.0 | 1995.2 | 0.181 | 0.196 | −197.0 | −83.3 | 2015.4 | 0.187 | 0.200 | −108.9 | −5.7 |
1975.1 | 0.031 | 0.049 | −33.4 | 107.7 | 1995.3 | 0.180 | 0.195 | −196.8 | −83.2 | 2016.1 | 0.185 | 0.195 | −120.7 | −38.8 |
1975.2 | 0.027 | 0.044 | −62.2 | 73.6 | 1995.4 | 0.180 | 0.195 | −204.4 | −91.1 | 2016.2 | 0.183 | 0.200 | −133.6 | −68.5 |
1975.3 | 0.028 | 0.037 | −55.7 | 17.4 | 1996.1 | 0.184 | 0.194 | −204.5 | −91.6 | 2016.3 | 0.183 | 0.206 | −145.3 | −38.7 |
1975.4 | 0.029 | 0.036 | −52.9 | 6.4 | 1996.2 | 0.183 | 0.196 | −173.9 | −98.0 | 2016.4 | 0.186 | 0.208 | −143.6 | −3.5 |
1976.1 | 0.028 | 0.039 | −59.2 | 28.8 | 1996.3 | 0.185 | 0.197 | −182.1 | −77.6 | 2017.1 | 0.190 | 0.211 | −126.9 | 5.6 |
1976.2 | 0.029 | 0.043 | −46.5 | 57.9 | 1996.4 | 0.187 | 0.201 | −172.6 | −70.4 | 2017.2 | 0.198 | 0.208 | −102.1 | 22.2 |
1976.3 | 0.034 | 0.044 | −13.6 | 66.9 | 1997.1 | 0.187 | 0.201 | −153.2 | −42.6 | 2017.3 | 0.196 | 0.207 | −56.3 | 5.2 |
1976.4 | 0.038 | 0.045 | 18.0 | 74.4 | 1997.2 | 0.191 | 0.201 | −157.8 | −42.8 | 2017.4 | 0.196 | 0.204 | −66.6 | −2.6 |
1977.1 | 0.041 | 0.044 | 42.0 | 67.0 | 1997.3 | 0.190 | 0.203 | −128.3 | −37.6 | 2018.1 | 0.194 | 0.204 | −67.3 | −19.4 |
1977.2 | 0.039 | 0.044 | 24.8 | 72.5 | 1997.4 | 0.192 | 0.204 | −131.9 | −18.9 | 2018.2 | 0.191 | 0.200 | −73.6 | −20.4 |
1977.3 | 0.038 | 0.044 | 17.8 | 66.7 | 1998.1 | 0.187 | 0.203 | −119.1 | −14.4 | 2018.3 | 0.189 | 0.200 | −95.1 | −40.0 |
1977.4 | 0.038 | 0.044 | 17.1 | 64.9 | 1998.2 | 0.188 | 0.203 | −157.0 | −23.0 | 2018.4 | 0.181 | 0.200 | −103.8 | −43.8 |
1978.1 | 0.038 | 0.042 | 19.0 | 48.5 | 1998.3 | 0.184 | 0.202 | −146.3 | −22.6 | 2019.1 | 0.179 | 0.195 | −152.0 | −42.7 |
1978.2 | 0.038 | 0.043 | 15.7 | 60.4 | 1998.4 | 0.182 | 0.196 | −187.8 | −28.5 | 2019.2 | 0.173 | 0.191 | −163.1 | −70.5 |
1978.3 | 0.038 | 0.048 | 18.4 | 99.3 | 1999.1 | 0.183 | 0.192 | −203.1 | −84.2 | 2019.3 | 0.163 | 0.190 | −193.4 | −94.5 |
1978.4 | 0.040 | 0.049 | 33.7 | 107.9 | 1999.2 | 0.183 | 0.192 | −195.8 | −111.3 | 2019.4 | 0.133 | 0.191 | −194.3 | −85.9 |
1979.1 | 0.042 | 0.050 | 44.9 | 112.2 | 1999.3 | 0.181 | 0.190 | −196.4 | −111.6 | 2020.1 | 0.129 | 0.184 | −199.3 | −107.3 |
1979.2 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 70.8 | 113.1 | 1999.4 | 0.181 | 0.190 | −220.7 | −131.9 | 2020.2 | 0.129 | 0.180 | −189.6 | −98.1 |
1979.3 | 0.046 | 0.050 | 76.8 | 111.8 | 2000.1 | 0.181 | 0.191 | −227.5 | −133.0 | 2020.3 | 0.127 | 0.191 | −186.6 | −80.5 |
1979.4 | 0.043 | 0.049 | 55.9 | 103.3 | 2000.2 | 0.181 | 0.188 | −222.0 | −126.1 | 2020.4 | 0.129 | 0.207 | −147.1 | −65.4 |
1980.1 | 0.042 | 0.048 | 45.0 | 99.0 | 2000.3 | 0.180 | 0.186 | −228.8 | −159.6 | 2021.1 | 0.158 | 0.204 | −147.5 | −50.6 |
1980.2 | 0.038 | 0.048 | 11.9 | 98.3 | 2000.4 | 0.181 | 0.186 | −231.8 | −174.2 | 2021.2 | 0.176 | 0.201 | −114.8 | −53.8 |
1980.3 | 0.038 | 0.045 | 6.7 | 72.9 | 2001.1 | 0.179 | 0.187 | −228.7 | −174.1 | 2021.3 | 0.182 | 0.203 | −90.3 | −57.5 |
1980.4 | 0.038 | 0.043 | 9.3 | 54.1 | 2001.2 | 0.179 | 0.187 | −247.4 | −172.4 | 2021.4 | 0.181 | 0.215 | −82.0 | −55.8 |
1981.1 | 0.038 | 0.045 | 7.9 | 64.4 | 2001.3 | 0.179 | 0.187 | −249.1 | −167.8 | 2022.1 | 0.181 | 0.220 | −84.5 | −41.1 |
1981.2 | 0.037 | 0.049 | −3.1 | 107.2 | 2001.4 | 0.179 | 0.190 | −247.9 | −167.1 | 2022.2 | 0.192 | 0.224 | −84.2 | −36.1 |
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Leightner, J. Correction: Leightner (2024). How Australia Has Been Affected by US Monetary and Fiscal Policies: 1960 to 2022. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3), 96. J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18, 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18050233
Leightner J. Correction: Leightner (2024). How Australia Has Been Affected by US Monetary and Fiscal Policies: 1960 to 2022. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3), 96. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2025; 18(5):233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18050233
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeightner, Jonathan. 2025. "Correction: Leightner (2024). How Australia Has Been Affected by US Monetary and Fiscal Policies: 1960 to 2022. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3), 96" Journal of Risk and Financial Management 18, no. 5: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18050233
APA StyleLeightner, J. (2025). Correction: Leightner (2024). How Australia Has Been Affected by US Monetary and Fiscal Policies: 1960 to 2022. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(3), 96. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(5), 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18050233