TG/HDL-C Ratio Is a Risk Factor Associated with CKD: Use in Assessing the Risk of Progression of CKD
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Study Population
2.2. Data Collection and Definitions
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethics Approval
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Characteristics of Patients with TG/HDL-C < 4 and ≥ 4
3.3. Correlation of Blood Lipids and TG/HDL-C with eGFR and ACR
4. Discussion
4.1. Patient Characteristics
4.2. Characteristics of Patients with TG/HDL-C < 4 and ≥ 4
4.3. Correlation of Blood Lipids and TG/HDL-C with eGFR and ACR
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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|R| | Interpretation |
---|---|
<0.20 | Almost no relationship |
0.20–0.40 | Low correlation |
0.40–0.70 | Moderate correlation |
0.70–0.90 | High correlation |
>0.90 | Very high correlation |
General Characteristics | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Average age | 58.08 ± 15.69 years | |
BMI | 23.45 ± 3.07 kg/m2 | |
Underweight | 8 | 5 |
Normal | 62 | 41 |
Overweight/obesity | 82 | 54 |
Gender | ||
Male | 84 | 55 |
Female | 68 | 45 |
Clinical symptoms | ||
Edema | ||
Yes | 32 | 21 |
No | 120 | 79 |
Pale mucous membranes | ||
Yes | 81 | 53 |
No | 71 | 47 |
Hematuria | ||
Yes | 17 | 11 |
No | 135 | 89 |
Other symptoms | ||
Yes | 8 | 5 |
No | 144 | 95 |
Medical history | ||
Glomerulonephritis | ||
Yes | 31 | 20 |
No | 121 | 80 |
Diabetes | ||
Yes | 36 | 24 |
No | 116 | 76 |
Nephrotic syndrome | ||
Yes | 12 | 8 |
No | 140 | 92 |
Hypertension | ||
Yes | 96 | 63 |
No | 56 | 89 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | ||
Yes | 7 | 5 |
No | 145 | 95 |
Blood lipids (mg/dL) | ||
Cholesterol | 192.80 ± 58.42 | |
Triglycerides | 208.33 ± 140.92 | |
HDL-C | 47.22 ± 14.94 | |
LDL-C | 121.0 ± 44.45 | |
TG/HDL-C | 5.09 ± 4.26 | |
TG/HDL-C < 4 | 81 | 53 |
TG/HDL-C ≥ 4 | 71 | 47 |
Parameters to evaluate kidney function | ||
Urea (mg/dL) | 49.59 ± 25.81 | |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.50 ± 0.80 | |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 52.50 ± 20.10 | |
ACR (mg/g) | 605.25 ± 1358.07 | |
<30 mg/g | 33 | 22 |
30–300 mg/g | 62 | 41 |
>300 mg/g | 57 | 37 |
Stages of CKD | ||
Stages 1 and 2 | 45 | 30 |
Stage 3 | 87 | 57 |
Stage 4 | 16 | 10 |
Stage 5 | 4 | 3 |
Classification of CKD based on GFR and ACR | ||
Low risk | 0 | 0 |
Moderate risk | 53 | 35 |
High risk | 37 | 24 |
Very high risk | 62 | 41 |
Characteristic | TG/HDL-C | p | |
---|---|---|---|
<4 (n = 81) | ≥4 (n = 71) | ||
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Average age (mean ± SD) | 57.85 ± 17.46 | 58.34 ± 13.50 | 0.85 |
BMI (mean ± SD) | 22.91 ± 3.26 | 24.07 ± 2.73 | 0.02 |
Blood lipids (mg/dL) | |||
Cholesterol | 193.33 ± 57.18 | 192.18 ± 60.21 | 0.90 |
Triglycerides | 123.60 ± 43.10 | 304.99 ± 151.44 | <0.01 |
HDL-C | 54.48 ± 15.58 | 38.94 ± 8.60 | <0.01 |
LDL-C | 120.80 ± 44.91 | 121.23 ± 44.23 | 0.95 |
Parameters to evaluate kidney function | |||
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 59.38 ± 19.33 | 44.65 ± 20.16 | <0.01 |
ACR (mg/g) | 397.50 ± 103.30 | 842.27 ± 201.54 | 0.04 |
Stage of CKD | |||
Stages 1 and 2 | 34 (42%) | 14 (20%) | 0.003 |
Stages 3, 4, and 5 | 47 (58%) | 57 (80%) | |
Classification of CKD based on GFR and ACR | |||
Moderate risk | 34 (42%) | 19 (27%) | <0.05 |
High risk | 23 (28.4%) | 14 (20%) | |
Very high risk | 24 (29.6%) | 38 (53%) |
Blood Lipids | eGFR | ACR | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation | p | Correlation | p | |
Cholesterol | R = −0.14 | 0.09 | R = 0.22 | <0.01 |
Triglycerides | R = 0.20 | 0.02 | R = 0.38 | <0.01 |
HDL-C | R = −0.23 | <0.01 | R = −0.05 | 0.55 |
LDL-C | R = −0.13 | 0.12 | R = 0.21 | <0.05 |
TG/HDL-C | R = −0.44 | <0.01 | R = 0.34 | <0.01 |
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Nguyen, H.H.; Tran, H.H.; Nguyen, L.T.; Nguyen, T.; Nguyen, N.A.; Vi, M.T.; Nguyen, K.T. TG/HDL-C Ratio Is a Risk Factor Associated with CKD: Use in Assessing the Risk of Progression of CKD. Pathophysiology 2022, 29, 374-382. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology29030029
Nguyen HH, Tran HH, Nguyen LT, Nguyen T, Nguyen NA, Vi MT, Nguyen KT. TG/HDL-C Ratio Is a Risk Factor Associated with CKD: Use in Assessing the Risk of Progression of CKD. Pathophysiology. 2022; 29(3):374-382. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology29030029
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Ha Hong, Ha Hai Tran, Le Thi Nguyen, Thang Nguyen, Nhut Anh Nguyen, Mai Tuyet Vi, and Kien Trung Nguyen. 2022. "TG/HDL-C Ratio Is a Risk Factor Associated with CKD: Use in Assessing the Risk of Progression of CKD" Pathophysiology 29, no. 3: 374-382. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology29030029
APA StyleNguyen, H. H., Tran, H. H., Nguyen, L. T., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, N. A., Vi, M. T., & Nguyen, K. T. (2022). TG/HDL-C Ratio Is a Risk Factor Associated with CKD: Use in Assessing the Risk of Progression of CKD. Pathophysiology, 29(3), 374-382. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology29030029