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Letter

Should We Hastily Adopt Public Access Defibrillation?

1
Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
2
Centre Interdisciplinaire des Urgences, Centre Hospitalier du Centre du Valais, Sion, Switzerland
3
Centre Interdisciplinaire des Urgences, SMUR, Hôpital Pourtalès, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cardiovasc. Med. 2006, 9(6), 243; https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2006.01181
Submission received: 30 March 2006 / Revised: 30 April 2006 / Accepted: 30 May 2006 / Published: 30 June 2006
We thank for the publication of experience in the early defibrillation program in Aargau and the extensive literature review. Some points exposed in the article should be discussed in the context of other national experiences. The incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in this region seems to be significantly lower than previously described in Emergency Medical System (EMS) based registers. The incidence of OHCA according to OPALS (Ontario Prehospital Life Support) study was of 0.6/ 1000 inhabitants [1]. The potential for Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) in this region may be questioned since more than 80% of OHCA occurred in places not usually covered by this strategy (eg private homes, medical practice and rehabilitation clinic). Since only one patient in this study was defibrillated by lay rescuer it can be described as EMS-based early defibrillation program. The benefits of EMS defibrillation-first policy in some regions of Switzerland were recently discussed. The improved survival after placing AED in emergency ambulances was described in a small group of patients in Neuchâtel [2]. However, a recent study from Basel did not show an improved outcome after introduction of EMS defibrillation-first policy [3].
Another interesting point in this study is that despite nearly half of OHCA witnessed, only 14% were found in shockable rhythm. Even if mean call-to-shock time in this study was not mentioned this could probably indicate the weakness of the first link of the chain of survival (eg the delay in identification of cardiac arrest and of EMS activation). The same phenomenon was recently described in French-speaking Switzerland where mean call-to-shock time was of 7.9 minutes (fig. 1) [4]. We should also mention the high level of bystander CPR in this study (35%), since only one fourth of OHCA victims in Lausanne receive bystander CPR. Nevertheless the level of bystander Basic Life Support can probably be increased on both sites because, as it was recently shown, CPR before defibrillation improve survival in OHCA victims in ventricular fibrillation with a time since collapse above 4 minutes [5,6].
Figure 1. First recorded rhythm in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in French speaking Switzerland.
Figure 1. First recorded rhythm in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in French speaking Switzerland.
Cardiovascmed 09 00243 g001
In our opinion, to be cost-effective, the development of PAD defibrillation programs in Switzerland should be preceded by careful evaluation based on EMS or population-based registries of OHCA. The creation and analyse of such registries as suggested by the Swiss Resuscitation Council and the strengthening of all links of the chain of survival may be the first important step in improving survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in our country [7].

Gedanken zum Artikel «Laiendefibrillation–häufig propagiert, aber zu selten eingesetzt» Kardiovaskuläre Medizin 2006;2:54–67

Mit grossem Interesse habe ich den Artikel über obgenanntes Thema in der Kardiovaskulären Medizin gelesen.
Ich betreibe eine Allgemeinpraxis im Berggebiet (zwischen Sustenund Grimselpass) und bin an Notfallund Rettungsmedizin sehr interessiert und auch engagiert. Ich betreue zudem sehr initiative Samaritervereine, welche eine Arbeitsgruppe gebildet haben, der es gelungen ist, in unserem Gebiet Defibrillatoren zu stationieren und Samariter als First Responder zu instruieren. Unsere Region umfasst ein grosses Kraftwerk mit regem Besucherbetrieb und starkem Passverkehr im Sommer. Bisher ist es noch zu keinem Einsatz gekommen, ich bin aber überzeugt, dass dies eine äusserst sinnvolle Massnahme ist. Ich selber überblicke in den letzten Jahren 3 erfolgreiche Reanimationen unter Einsatz des Defibrillators, wobei 1 Patient allerdings nach 3 Tagen wegen schlechter neurologischer Situation verstorben ist. Zwei dieser Defibrillationen erfolgten ausserhalb der Praxis. Die Defibrillationen wurden mit meinem automatischen.
Defibrillator (Schiller Fore-runner, auf ihrer Liste nicht mehr enthalten) durchgeführt. Diese Erfahrungen haben mitgeholfen, die Samariter für ihr Engagement zu motivieren, ich konnte auch selbst mehrere Instruktionen durchführen. Das grösste Problem stellt die Alarmierung dar. Die Notrufzentrale in Bern möchte eine Notfalliste im Sinne eines Dienstplanes, um die instruierten Samariter zu alarmieren. Bei freiwilligen Helfern ist dies nicht möglich, zudem liegt eine entsprechende Ausrüstung mit Pagern ausserhalb der Finanzierbarkeit durch Samaritervereine. Da aber die meisten Samariter bei den Kraftwerken Oberhasli arbeiten, haben wir als Lösung die Alarmierung durch die über 24 Stunden besetzte Einsatzleitung der Kraftwerke organisiert. Da es gelungen ist, alle Notfalldienst-leistenden Kollegen sowie den lokalen Rettungsdienst von dieser Massnahme zu überzeugen, haben wir wahrscheinlich die optimalste Lösung erreicht. Unser ehrgeiziges Ziel ist es, in unserer zentralen Alpenregion die gleichen Rettungschancen anzubieten wie in einem städtischen Raum, was nur mit viel freiwilligem Engagement möglich ist.

References

  1. Stiell, I.G.; Wells, G.A.; Field, B.J.; et al. Improved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival through the inexpensive optimization of an existing defibrillation program: OPALS study phase II. Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support. JAMA 1999, 281, 1175–1181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Katz, E.; Horstmann, M.; Kehtari, R.; et al. Frühzeitige Defibrillation durch Rettungsassistenten bei kardialen Notfällen mit externen halbautomatischen Defibrillatoren. Der Notartzt 2001, 17, 167–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. Stotz, M.; Albrecht, R.; Zwicker, G.; et al. EMS defibrillation-first policy may not improve outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2003, 58, 277–282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Katz, E.; Metzger, J.T.; Kappenberger, L.; et al. Is ventricular fibrillation the most common initial rhythm in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? Resuscitation 2004, 62, 403. [Google Scholar]
  5. Vilke, G.M.; Chan, T.C.; Dunford, J.V.; et al. M.; Chan, T.C.; Dunford, J.V.; et al. The three-phase model of cardiac arrest as applied to ventricular fibrillation in a large, urban emergency medical services system. Resuscitation 2005, 64, 341–346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  6. Wik, L.; Hansen, T.B.; Fylling, F.; et al. Delaying defibrillation to give basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation to patients with outof-hospital ventricular fibrillation: A randomized trial. JAMA 2003, 289, 1389–1395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  7. Bruesch, M. Reanimationsdatenbank Schweiz nach Utsteinstyle. SAEZ 2005, 86, 2429–2433. [Google Scholar]

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Katz, E.; Sierro, C.; Metzger, J.-T.; Fishmann, D.; Kehtari, R.; Kappenberger, L. Should We Hastily Adopt Public Access Defibrillation? Cardiovasc. Med. 2006, 9, 243. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2006.01181

AMA Style

Katz E, Sierro C, Metzger J-T, Fishmann D, Kehtari R, Kappenberger L. Should We Hastily Adopt Public Access Defibrillation? Cardiovascular Medicine. 2006; 9(6):243. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2006.01181

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katz, E., C. Sierro, J. -T. Metzger, D. Fishmann, R. Kehtari, and L. Kappenberger. 2006. "Should We Hastily Adopt Public Access Defibrillation?" Cardiovascular Medicine 9, no. 6: 243. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2006.01181

APA Style

Katz, E., Sierro, C., Metzger, J.-T., Fishmann, D., Kehtari, R., & Kappenberger, L. (2006). Should We Hastily Adopt Public Access Defibrillation? Cardiovascular Medicine, 9(6), 243. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2006.01181

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