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Cardiovascular Medicine
Volume 22
Issue 1
10.4414/cvm.2019.02008
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Cardiovascular Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 28 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Editores Medicorum Helveticorum (EMH).
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Review

Soluble ST2—A New Biomarker in Heart Failure

by
Biaggi Patric
1,*,
Ammann Camille
2,*,
Imperiali Mauro
3,
Hammerer-Lercher Angelika
4,
Breidthardt Tobias
5,
Müller Christian
5,
Maisel Alan
6 and
Ruschitzka Frank
7
1
The Heart Clinic Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
2
University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
3
Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Pregassona, 6963 Lugano, Switzerland
4
Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
5
University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
6
University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
7
University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cardiovasc. Med. 2019, 22(1), w02008; https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2019.02008
Submission received: 26 November 2018 / Revised: 26 December 2018 / Accepted: 26 January 2019 / Published: 26 February 2019
Versions Notes

Abstract

Cardiovascular biomarkers play an essential role in the diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of patients with cardiac diseases and in particular heart failure patients. However, the accuracy of most biomarkers is limited by confounding comorbidities, rendering their interpretation difficult. The relatively new biomarker sST2 (soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2) is said to reflect myocardial wall stress and activation of the fibrosis pathway and to be less dependent on common confounders. Elevated sST2 levels in acute heart failure patients predict both rehospitalisation and mortality. Chronic heart failure patients who have sST2 levels responsive to medical treatment have a better outcome. However, elevated sST2 levels in the absence of heart failure or heart disease are not uncommon and limit its use for diagnostic purposes in a general nonheart failure population. This review reflects the presentations and discussion by the participants at the first meeting of the Swiss working group on cardiovascular biomarkers held in September 2018 in Zurich, Switzerland. It also highlights current Swiss experience with sST2 and indicates areas of uncertainty, in particular the need to identify the exact pathway of sST2 in cardiac disease and specify its clinical implications for subgroups of heart failure and non-heart failure patients.
Keywords: biomarkers; cardiovascular biomarkers; soluble ST2; sST2; heart failure; Swiss working group biomarkers; cardiovascular biomarkers; soluble ST2; sST2; heart failure; Swiss working group

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MDPI and ACS Style

Patric, B.; Camille, A.; Mauro, I.; Angelika, H.-L.; Tobias, B.; Christian, M.; Alan, M.; Frank, R. Soluble ST2—A New Biomarker in Heart Failure. Cardiovasc. Med. 2019, 22, w02008. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2019.02008

AMA Style

Patric B, Camille A, Mauro I, Angelika H-L, Tobias B, Christian M, Alan M, Frank R. Soluble ST2—A New Biomarker in Heart Failure. Cardiovascular Medicine. 2019; 22(1):w02008. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2019.02008

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patric, Biaggi, Ammann Camille, Imperiali Mauro, Hammerer-Lercher Angelika, Breidthardt Tobias, Müller Christian, Maisel Alan, and Ruschitzka Frank. 2019. "Soluble ST2—A New Biomarker in Heart Failure" Cardiovascular Medicine 22, no. 1: w02008. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2019.02008

APA Style

Patric, B., Camille, A., Mauro, I., Angelika, H.-L., Tobias, B., Christian, M., Alan, M., & Frank, R. (2019). Soluble ST2—A New Biomarker in Heart Failure. Cardiovascular Medicine, 22(1), w02008. https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2019.02008

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