A Giant Saphenous Vein Graft Aneurysm Compressing the Right Cavities

Case report

A 86-year-old man was hospitalised because of a cerebral vascular attack. He underwent a triple coronary artery bypass grafting 14 years earlier. He was asymptomatic and received aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor inhibitor and statines. Clinical status showed a slight jugular distention but was otherwise normal. On ECG, typical signs of an old inferior myocardial infarction were present. Chest X-ray and blood tests were within the normal values. An echocardiogram was performed as a routine examination following a cerebral attack. Left ventricular function was normal and showed an aneurysm of the basal inferior wall of the left ventricle compatible with the scar of the old infarction. A mass compressing the right cavities at the level of the tricuspid annulus was present in the sub-costal view (Figure 1A) and in a modified apical four chamber view (Figure 1B). A 64-multi-slice cardiac-gated computed tomography (CT) was performed showing a giant, fully thrombosed aneurysm (6 cm diameter) of the saphenous venous graft on the right coronary artery (Figure 2 and Figure 3). As the patient was asymptomatic and the inferior wall fully infarcted, a conservative approach was decided.

An aneurysm of a saphenous graft is a rare complication, but probably underestimated as most of them are asymptomatic. The prevalence is unclear. A mild aneurismal dilatation is found in 14% of bypass grafts 5 to 7 years following surgery, but large dilatation is a rare event with an incidence of less than 1% [1]. The symptoms are mostly atypical with chest pain, and dyspnoea due to compression of the right cavities (oedema, jugular distension) as in the current case [2]. Very few cases have been reported. Cardiac dedicated CT and cardiac MR are the most powerful tools to detect these aneurysms. Coronary angiogram is also useful in evaluating these aneurysms. Surgery is usually recommended to prevent rupture [3] but some patients may be eligible for percutaneous treatment with covered stents [4]. Recently, stenting and coil embolisation has emerged as an alternative to surgery [5].