Combined Therapy of Chitosan and Exercise Improves the Lipid Profile, Adipose Tissue and Hepatic Alterations in an In Vivo Model of Induced-Hyperlipidemia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Hyperlipidemia Induction
2.3. Chitosan
2.4. Hyperlipidemia Induction Procedure
2.5. Treatment Phase
2.5.1. Physical Training
2.5.2. Chitosan Treatment
2.6. Assessment of Body Mass and Lee’s Obesity Index
2.7. Determination of Lipid Percentage in Feces
2.8. Biochemical Analysis of Serum Lipid Concentrations
2.9. Biochemical Analysis of Liver Enzyme and Glucose Dosages
2.10. Animal Euthanasia
2.11. Assessment of Abdominal Adipose Tissue Weight
2.12. Histopathological Analysis of Liver Specimens
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Hyperlipidemia Induction
3.2. Physical Training and Chitosan Treatment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group (n = 8) | Systemic State | Oral Treatment | Physical Exercise |
---|---|---|---|
CTR | Normolipidemic | Distilled water | - |
Hyp | Hyperlipidemic | Distilled water | - |
Hyp–Ch | Hyperlipidemic | Chitosan | - |
Hyp–Ex | Hyperlipidemic | Distilled water | Forced swimming |
Hyp–ChEx | Hyperlipidemic | Chitosan | Forced swimming |
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Passos, J.P.G.; Melo, C.R.; Carvalho, F.M.A.; Severino, P.; Cardoso, J.C.; Cunha, J.L.S.; Cano, A.; Souto, E.B.; de Albuquerque-Júnior, R.L.C. Combined Therapy of Chitosan and Exercise Improves the Lipid Profile, Adipose Tissue and Hepatic Alterations in an In Vivo Model of Induced-Hyperlipidemia. Nutraceuticals 2022, 2, 116-131. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals2020009
Passos JPG, Melo CR, Carvalho FMA, Severino P, Cardoso JC, Cunha JLS, Cano A, Souto EB, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC. Combined Therapy of Chitosan and Exercise Improves the Lipid Profile, Adipose Tissue and Hepatic Alterations in an In Vivo Model of Induced-Hyperlipidemia. Nutraceuticals. 2022; 2(2):116-131. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals2020009
Chicago/Turabian StylePassos, João P. G., Carlisson R. Melo, Felipe M. A. Carvalho, Patricia Severino, Juliana C. Cardoso, John L. S. Cunha, Amanda Cano, Eliana B. Souto, and Ricardo L. C. de Albuquerque-Júnior. 2022. "Combined Therapy of Chitosan and Exercise Improves the Lipid Profile, Adipose Tissue and Hepatic Alterations in an In Vivo Model of Induced-Hyperlipidemia" Nutraceuticals 2, no. 2: 116-131. https://doi.org/10.3390/nutraceuticals2020009