Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Biomonitoring of Farmers and Residents Exposed to Pesticides in Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Population Studied
2.2. The Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Study
2.3. AChE and BChE Activity
2.4. Data Treatment
3. Results
3.1. KAP Study
Characteristics | n | (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
18–20 | 8 | (7.1) | |
21–30 | 27 | (24.1) | |
31–40 | 34 | (30.5) | |
41–50 | 25 | (22.3) | |
51–60 | 9 | (8.0) | |
>60 | 9 | (8.0) | |
Education | |||
Illiterate/no schooling | 7 | (6.3) | |
Incomplete primary | 55 | (49.1) | |
Complete primary/incomplete high school | 33 | (29.4) | |
Complete high school/incomplete college | 17 | (15.2) | |
Name used to designate pesticides | |||
Poison | 78 | (65.4) | |
Agrotoxic | 31 | (26.1) | |
Remedy | 4 | (3.4) | |
Pesticide | 2 | (1.7) | |
Other | 4 | (3.4) | |
Years of pesticide use | |||
Up to 5 | 26 | (23.2) | |
5–10 | 31 | (27.7) | |
10–20 | 31 | (27.7) | |
20–30 | 16 | (14.3) | |
>30 | 8 | (7.1) | |
Work Regimen | |||
Sharecropper or employee | 69 | (61.6) | |
Family agriculture | 43 | (38.4) | |
Consumption of alcoholic beverages | 63 | (56.2) |
n | (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Hours working in the field | ||||
More than 8 | 60 | (53.6) | ||
5–8 | 48 | (42.8) | ||
Up to 5 | 4 | (3.6) | ||
Storage of pesticide products | ||||
In a special storage location (outside the house) | 87 | (77.6) | ||
With other farm products | 19 | (17.0) | ||
In the house | 5 | (4.5) | ||
Other | 1 | (0.9) | ||
Type of pesticide applicator | ||||
Manual backpack sprayer | 45 | (40.2) | ||
Automated static sprayer | 41 | (36.6) | ||
Automated backpack sprayer | 12 | (10.7) | ||
Open tractor | 10 | (8.9) | ||
Other | 4 | (3.6) | ||
Empty pesticide containers are | ||||
Turned over to government collection posts | 92 | (82.1) | ||
Buried/burned | 18 | (16.1) | ||
Did not know | 2 | (1.8) | ||
Pesticides are necessary in the field | 108 | (96.4) | ||
Work in the field can impair his/her health | 87 | (77.7) | ||
Pesticides are harmful to the health of | ||||
Those who apply the pesticides | 91 | (81.3) | ||
Those who work on the farm | 79 | (70.5) | ||
Those who consume the crop | 68 | (60.7) | ||
Those who live near the planting area | 30 | (26.8) |
PPD use | n (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Complete | Incomplete | No use | |
50 (44.6) | 54 (48.2) | 8 (7.2) | |
Always | Sometimes | Never | |
Boots | 88 (78.6) | 15 (13.4) | 9 (8.0) |
Hat | 78 (69.6) | 19 (17.0) | 15 (13.4) |
Gloves | 64 (57.1) | 28 (25.0) | 20 (17.9) |
Mask | 81 (72.3) | 18 (16.1) | 13 (11.6) |
Impermeable clothes | 66 (58.9) | 25 (22.3) | 21 (18.8) |
Other | 2 (1.8) | - | - |
3.2. AChE and BChE Activities
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Oliveira Pasiani, J.; Torres, P.; Roniery Silva, J.; Diniz, B.Z.; Caldas, E.D. Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Biomonitoring of Farmers and Residents Exposed to Pesticides in Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 3051-3068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093051
Oliveira Pasiani J, Torres P, Roniery Silva J, Diniz BZ, Caldas ED. Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Biomonitoring of Farmers and Residents Exposed to Pesticides in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2012; 9(9):3051-3068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093051
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliveira Pasiani, Juliana, Priscila Torres, Juciê Roniery Silva, Bruno Zago Diniz, and Eloisa Dutra Caldas. 2012. "Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Biomonitoring of Farmers and Residents Exposed to Pesticides in Brazil" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9, no. 9: 3051-3068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093051