Use of Ionizing Radiation Technology for Treating Municipal Wastewater
Abstract
:Introduction
Radiation Treatment
Biological Phase Treatment
- Radiation destroys microbial life and this property is considered particularly beneficial, since it will result in the inactivation of pathogenic micro flora;
- Radiation is capable of altering the structure of organic molecules, thereby leading to a decrease in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).
- Radiation can bring out physiochemical alteration in suspended solid, leading to the formation of more compact sludge and higher capacity for settling.
Responses of Microorganisms to Irradiation Used in Wastewater Treatment
- physical factors (temperature and type of radiation);
- chemical factors (sensitizing and protecting agents);
- © Biological or physiological factors (growth phase and amount of DNA).
Materials and Methods
Sample Collection
Irradiation
Absorbing Dose
Physical and Chemical Measurements
Results and Discussion
Turbidity
Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Hardness
pH
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)
Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG)
Phenolic Compounds and Standards of Phenols
Conclusions
Parameter | Month | Initial value ( mg/l)a | Affect dose (krad) | Final Value ( mg/l)a | Percentage to initial value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turbidity | January | 125 (NTU) | 25 | 68 (NTU) | 54.4 |
February | 180 (NTU) | 50 | 92 (NTU) | 51.11 | |
March | 190 (NTU) | 50 | 118 (NTU) | 62.1 | |
EC | January | 2.2 (mmhos/cm) | Does not affect | -- | -- |
February | 2.31 (mmhos/cm) | Does not affect | -- | -- | |
March | 2.356 (mmhos/cm) | Does not affect | -- | -- | |
PH | January | No more 500 | 8.15 * (unit less) | -- | |
February | 7.13 (unit less) | No more 500 | 9.01 * (unit less) | -- | |
March | 7.06 (unit less) | No more 500 | 8.5 * (unit less) | -- | |
DO | January | 9.5 | 50 | 4.5 | -- |
February | 9.3 | 50 | 4.4 | -- | |
March | 10 | 50 | 4.7 | -- | |
BOD5 | January | 243 | 500 | 30 * | 12.3 |
February | 309 | 500 | 44 | 14.23 | |
March | 321 | 500 | 59 | 18.38 | |
COD | January | 1400 | 500 | 75 * | 5.36 |
February | 1705 | 500 | 112 | 6.56 | |
March | 1809 | 500 | 130 | 7.18 | |
FOG | January | 1750 | 500 and more | 409 | 23.4 |
February | 1725 | 500 and more | 482 | 27 | |
March | 2017 | 500 and more | 29 | 1.4 | |
TSS | January | 308 | 50 | 56 * | 18.2 |
February | 422 | 100 | 50 * | 11.85 | |
March | 450 | 200 | 51 * | 11.33 | |
TDS | January | 10580 | 10 | 1360 | 11.4 |
February | 12435 | 25 | 1100 | 8.85 | |
March | 12210 | 25 | 1121 | 9.18 | |
Hardness | January | 800 (mg/l as CaCO3) | Does not affect | -- | -- |
February | 820 (mg/l as CaCO3) | Does not affect | -- | -- | |
March | 850 (mg/l as CaCO3) | Does not affect | -- | -- | |
Phenol | January | 0.1449 | 500 | 0.0121 * | 8.4 |
February | 0.3115 | 500 | 0.0192 * | 6.2 | |
March | 0.3091 | 500 | 0.041 * | 13.16 |
Parameter | Limit |
---|---|
BOD5 | 40 mg/l |
COD | 100 mg/l |
TSS | 60 mg/l |
Phenol | 0.01 – 0.05 mg/l |
pH | 6 – 9.5 |
Parameter | Initial valuea(mg/l) | Suitable dose (krad) | Final valuea(mg/l) |
---|---|---|---|
BOD5 | 210 | 500 | 44.33 |
COD | 1638 | 500 | 105.67 |
TSS | 393.33 | 100–150 | 44 |
TDS | 11741.67 | 25 | 972 |
Phenol | 0.2551 | 500 | 0.0241 |
FOG | 1830.67 | 500 | 306.67 |
Turbidity | 165 (NTU) | 100–200 | 103.33 (NTU) |
EC | 2.288 (mmhos/cm) | Does not response | 2.30 (mmhos/cm) |
Hardness | 823.33 (mg/l as CaCO3) | Does not response | 800 (mg/l as CaCO3) |
DO | 9.6 | Decreased | 1.03 |
pH | 7.08 (unitless) | Increased | 8.553 (unitless) |
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Al-Ani, M.Y.; Al-Khalidy, F.R. Use of Ionizing Radiation Technology for Treating Municipal Wastewater. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2006, 3, 360-368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030047
Al-Ani MY, Al-Khalidy FR. Use of Ionizing Radiation Technology for Treating Municipal Wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2006; 3(4):360-368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030047
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Ani, Mohammed Y., and Firas R. Al-Khalidy. 2006. "Use of Ionizing Radiation Technology for Treating Municipal Wastewater" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 3, no. 4: 360-368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030047
APA StyleAl-Ani, M. Y., & Al-Khalidy, F. R. (2006). Use of Ionizing Radiation Technology for Treating Municipal Wastewater. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 3(4), 360-368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2006030047