Adaptation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in Latvia: Psychometric Data and Factor Analysis
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the Tool
2.2. Method
2.3. Data Analysis and Statistics
2.4. Participants
2.5. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ICD 11 | International Classification of Diseases |
MBI | Maslach Burnout Inventory |
CBI | Copenhagen Burnout Inventory |
e.g., | exempli gratia |
CVI | Content Validity Index |
IBM SPSS | Statistical Package for the Social Sciences |
AMOS | Association for Morbid Obesity Support |
M | Mean |
SD | Standard Deviation |
EFA | Exploratory Factor Analysis |
KMO | Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin |
CFA | Confirmatory Factor Analysis |
CFI | Comparative Fir Index |
TLI | Tucker–Lewis Index |
RMSEA | Root Mean Square Error of Approximation |
PEK | Pētījuma Ētikas komitēja |
FVI | Face Validity Index |
SRMR | Standardised Root Mean Square Residual |
NNFI | Bentler–Bonett Non-normed Fit Index |
RNI | Relative-Noncentrality Index |
NFI | Bentler–Bonett Normed Fit Index |
RFI | Bollen’s Relative Fit Index |
IFI | Bollen’s Incremental Fit Index |
PNFI | Parsimony Normed Fit Index |
SE | Standard Error |
CR | Composite Reliability |
AVE | Average Variance Extracted |
PRB | Personal-related burnout |
WRB | Work-related burnout |
CRB | Client-related burnout |
References
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Item Nr. | Experts 1. Phase | Item Nr. | Experts 2. Phase | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ex.1. | Ex.2. | Ex.3. | SUM | CVI | Ex.1. | Ex.2. | Ex.3. | SUM | CVI | ||
Personal burnout | Personal burnout | ||||||||||
1. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0.67 | 1. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
2. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
3. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
4. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
5. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0.67 | 5. | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.67 |
6. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 6. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Work-related burnout | Work-related burnout | ||||||||||
7. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7. | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0.67 |
8. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0.67 | 8. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0.67 |
9. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 9. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
10. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 10. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
11. | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | 11. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0.67 |
12. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | 12. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0.67 |
13. | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.67 | 13. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Client-related burnout | Client-related burnout | ||||||||||
14. | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.67 | 14. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0.67 |
15. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 15. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
16. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 16. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
17. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 17. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
18. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | 18. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
19. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 19. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
CVI (items) | 0.807 | CVI (items) | 0.896 | ||||||||
CVI (Ex.) | 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.68 | 0.823 | CVI (Ex.) | 0.895 | 1 | 0.789 | 0.895 |
Items | Activities | Never/Almost Never (0%) Nekad/Gandrīz Nekad (0%) | Seldom (25%) Reti (25%) | Sometimes (50%) Dažreiz (50%) | Often (75%) Bieži (75%) | Always (100%) Vienmēr (100%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Personal burnout | ||||||
1. | How often do you feel tired? (Cik bieži Jūs jūtaties izmocīts?) | |||||
2. | How often are you physically exhausted? (Cik bieži Jūs esat fiziski izsmelts?) | |||||
3. | How often are you emotionally exhausted? (Cik bieži Jūs esat emocionāli izsmelts?) | |||||
4. | How often do you think: “I can’t take it anymore?” (Cik bieži domājat: “Es to vairs nevaru izturēt?”) | |||||
5. | How often do you feel worn out? (Cik bieži jūtaties noguris?) | |||||
6. | How often do you feel weak and susceptible to illness? (Cik bieži Jūs jūtaties vājš un uzņēmīgs pret slimībām?) | |||||
Work-related burnout | ||||||
7. | Do you feel worn out at the end of the working day? (Vai darba dienas beigās Jūs jūtaties noguris?) | |||||
8. | Are you exhausted in the morning at the thought of another day at work? (Vai no rīta Jūs jūtaties izsmelts, domājot par kārtējo darba dienu?) | |||||
9. | Do you feel that every working hour is tiring for you? (Vai jums šķiet, ka katra darba stunda ir nogurdinoša? ) | |||||
10. | Do you have enough energy for family and friends during leisure time? (Vai Jums ir pietiekami daudz enerģijas ģimenei un draugiem brīvajā laikā?) | |||||
11. | Is your work emotionally exhausting? (Vai jūsu darbs ir Jūs emocionāli izsmeļ?) | |||||
12. | Does your work frustrate you? (Vai jūsu darbs Jūs aizkaitina?) | |||||
13. | Do you feel burnt out because of your work? (Vai Jūs jūtaties izdedzis/izdegusi?) | |||||
Client-related burnout | ||||||
14. | Do you find it hard to work with clients? (Vai darbs ar klientiem sagādā Jums grūtības?) | |||||
15. | Does it drain your energy to work with clients? (Vai darbā ar klientiem Jūs jūtat enerģijas izsīkumu?) | |||||
16. | Do you find it frustrating to work with clients? Vai darbs ar klientiem Jums sagādā vilšanos? | |||||
17. | Do you feel that you give more than you get back when you work with clients? (Vai jūtat, ka, strādājot ar klientiem, dodat vairāk nekā saņemat pretī?) | |||||
18. | Are you tired of working with clients? (Vai Jūs esat noguris no darba ar klientiem?) | |||||
19. | Do you sometimes wonder how long you will be able to continue working with clients? (Vai Jūs dažreiz domājat, cik ilgi vēl spēsiet turpināt strādāt ar klientiem?) |
Question | n = 288 |
---|---|
Gender | Female—282 (97.8%) Male—5 (1.75%) Do not wish to specify—1 (0.35%) |
Region of workplace | Riga region—165 (57.15%) Kurzeme region—31 (10.85%) Latgale region—24 (8.3%) Vidzeme region—49 (17.05%) Zemgale region—19 (6.65%) |
Family status | Married—144 (50%) Single—59 (20.55%) Divorced—41 (14.15%) Widowed—5 (1.75%) Cohabiting—37 (12.85%) Single with child—2 (0.7%) |
Education | Vocational secondary education—31 (10.95%) First level professional higher education—67 (23.15%) Second level professional higher education or Bachelor’s degree—149 (51.65%) Master’s degree—39 (13.55%) Doctoral degree—2 (0.7%) |
Position | Medical assistant—2 (0.7%) Nurse—234 (81.3%) Physician assistant—21 (7.35%) Physician—7 (2.35%) Medical resident—6 (2.1%) Physiotherapist—3 (1.05%) Midwife—9 (3.05%) Nurse assistant—2 (0.7%) Dental hygienist—1 (0.35%) Radiologist—3 (1.05%) |
Department profile | Outpatient department—86 (29.9%) Intensive care unit—30 (10.4%) Anaesthesia department—30 (10.4%) Therapeutic department—40 (13.9%) Surgery—20 (6.9%) Rehabilitation—8 (2.8%) Paediatrics—10 (3.5%) Diagnostic department—8 (2.8%) Admissions, EMS—10 (3.5%) Psychiatry—26 (9.0%) Dentistry—2 (0.7%) Social care—6 (2.1%) Operating theatre—4 (1.4%) Home care—2 (0.7%) Mental health care—2 (0.7%) Administration—4 (1.4%) |
Total workload | Up to 0.25 workload (10 h per week)—2 (0.7%) 0.25–0.5 workload (10–20 h per week)—5 (1.75%) 0.5–0.75 workload (20–30 h per week)—59 (20.55%) 0.75–1.0 workload (30–40 h per week)—140 (48.5%) 1.0–1.25 h (40–50 h per week)—45 (15.65%) 1.25–1.5 h (50–60 h per week)—37 (12.85%) |
Working hours | Daily work—119 (41.35%) Shift work—89 (30.95%) Both daily and shift work—80 (27.7%) |
Work environment | Outpatient care—89 (30.95%) Inpatient care—171 (59.35%) Home care—3 (1.05%) Both outpatient and inpatient care—15 (5.25%) EMS—6 (2.1%) Management—1 (0.35%) School nurse—3 (1.05%) |
Workload in the last month | Very low—6 (2.1%) Low—12 (4.2%) Moderate—89 (30.9%) High—121 (42%) Very high—60 (20.8%) |
Items | M | SD | Corrected Item-Total Correlation | Item-Rest Correlation | Squared Multiple Correlation | Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted | Scale’s Mean | Cronbach’s Alpha Based on Dimensions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Personal-related burnout | ||||||||
1 | 60.24 | 22.940 | 0.850 | 0.803 | 0.770 | 0.895 | 58.9 | 0.920 |
2 | 59.72 | 23.362 | 0.787 | 0.738 | 0.693 | 0.903 | ||
3 | 63.89 | 22.042 | 0.765 | 0.725 | 0.636 | 0.906 | ||
4 | 53.13 | 24.494 | 0.775 | 0.741 | 0.612 | 0.905 | ||
5 | 67.19 | 22.568 | 0.806 | 0.755 | 0.664 | 0.901 | ||
6 | 49.13 | 26.630 | 0.670 | 0.660 | 0.481 | 0.922 | ||
Work-related burnout | ||||||||
7 | 73.09 | 22.298 | 0.628 | 0.688 | 0.522 | 0.748 | 56.0 | 0.791 |
8 | 54.34 | 28.206 | 0.711 | 0.758 | 0.633 | 0.724 | ||
9 | 46.18 | 25.784 | 0.785 | 0.809 | 0.700 | 0.712 | ||
10 | 48.09 | 25.507 | −0.489 | −0.504 | 0.271 | 0.914 | ||
11 | 64.06 | 25.682 | 0.739 | 0.704 | 0.599 | 0.722 | ||
12 | 48.78 | 27.738 | 0.769 | 0.781 | 0.655 | 0.712 | ||
13 | 57.47 | 29.080 | 0.757 | 0.776 | 0.640 | 0.712 | ||
Client-related burnout | ||||||||
14 | 41.84 | 23.019 | 0.629 | 0.568 | 0.476 | 0.876 | 48.9 | 0.884 |
15 | 48.96 | 24.136 | 0.778 | 0.765 | 0.672 | 0.853 | ||
16 | 39.76 | 22.168 | 0.700 | 0.616 | 0.530 | 0.866 | ||
17 | 60.42 | 28.539 | 0.525 | 0.501 | 0.366 | 0.898 | ||
18 | 50.52 | 24.951 | 0.815 | 0.757 | 0.722 | 0.846 | ||
19 | 51.39 | 27.965 | 0.789 | 0.737 | 0.660 | 0.850 |
Items | Factor | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | h2 | Uniqueness | |
Personal-related burnout | |||||
1 | 0.785 | 0.248 | 0.317 | 0.778 | 0.182 |
2 | 0.789 | 0.153 | 0.295 | 0.733 | 0.261 |
3 | 0.705 | 0.207 | 0.340 | 0.656 | 0.371 |
4 | 0.813 | 0.230 | 0.084 | 0.720 | 0.331 |
5 | 0.709 | 0.254 | 0.340 | 0.683 | 0.273 |
6 | 0.702 | 0.302 | −0.002 | 0.583 | 0.516 |
Work-related burnout | |||||
7 | 0.641 | 0.204 | 0.383 | 0.599 | 0.458 |
8 | 0.725 | 0.363 | 0.129 | 0.675 | 0.342 |
9 | 0.738 | 0.387 | 0.193 | 0.732 | 0.261 |
10 | −0.520 | 0.103 | −0.575 | 0.612 | 0.651 |
11 | 0.636 | 0.361 | 0.158 | 0.559 | 0.404 |
12 | 0.657 | 0.541 | 0.015 | 0.725 | 0.223 |
13 | 0.736 | 0.341 | 0.185 | 0.692 | 0.328 |
Client-related burnout | |||||
14 | 0.246 | 0.795 | −0.029 | 0.694 | 0.536 |
15 | 0.419 | 0.704 | 0.281 | 0.750 | 0.267 |
16 | 0.205 | 0.787 | 0.166 | 0.689 | 0.428 |
17 | 0.110 | 0.400 | 0.698 | 0.658 | 0.267 |
18 | 0.346 | 0.631 | 0.537 | 0.806 | 0.682 |
19 | 0.339 | 0.691 | 0.402 | 0.753 | 0.280 |
Eigenvalue after rotation | 7.047 | 3.991 | 2.059 | ||
% of variance | 37,088 | 21,007 | 10,639 |
Items | Factor | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | h2 | Uniqueness | |
Personal-related burnout | ||||
1 | 0.815 | 0.336 | 0.777 | 0.212 |
2 | 0.821 | 0.239 | 0.732 | 0.274 |
3 | 0.747 | 0.300 | 0.648 | 0.374 |
4 | 0.785 | 0.263 | 0.686 | 0.345 |
5 | 0.747 | 0.346 | 0.677 | 0.336 |
6 | 0.650 | 0.309 | 0.519 | 0.519 |
Work-related burnout | ||||
7 | 0.696 | 0.307 | 0.578 | 0.463 |
8 | 0.701 | 0.401 | 0.652 | 0.374 |
9 | 0.727 | 0.440 | 0.722 | 0.312 |
10 | −0.654 | −0.052 | 0.431 | 0.677 |
11 | 0.621 | 0.404 | 0.549 | 0.492 |
12 | 0.591 | 0.544 | 0.645 | 0.383 |
13 | 0.727 | 0.393 | 0.683 | 0.341 |
Client-related burnout | ||||
14 | 0.162 | 0.770 | 0.620 | 0.547 |
15 | 0.414 | 0.761 | 0.750 | 0.274 |
16 | 0.171 | 0.808 | 0.683 | 0.459 |
17 | 0.244 | 0.560 | 0.373 | 0.684 |
18 | 0.413 | 0.750 | 0.733 | 0.266 |
19 | 0.367 | 0.775 | 0.736 | 0.284 |
Eigenvalue after rotation | 7.281 | 4.911 | ||
% of variance | 38,321 | 25,850 |
Component | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.781 | 0.521 | 0.344 |
2 | −0.567 | 0.822 | 0.042 |
3 | 0.261 | 0.228 | −0.938 |
95% Confidence Intervals | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | SRMR | RMSEA | Lower | Upper | RMSEA p |
Classical | 0.048 | 0.064 | 0.055 | 0.074 | 0.008 |
Robust | 0.041 | 0.139 | 0.129 | 0.150 | <0.001 |
Scaled | 0.041 | 0.090 | 0.081 | 0.098 | <0.001 |
Comparative Fit Index (CFI) | 0.997 |
Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI) | 0.997 |
Bentler–Bonett Non-normed Fit Index (NNFI) | 0.997 |
Relative-Noncentrality Index (RNI) | 0.997 |
Bentler–Bonett Normed Fit Index (NFI) | 0.994 |
Bollen’s Relative Fit Index (RFI) | 0.994 |
Bollen’s Incremental Fit Index (IFI) | 0.997 |
Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) | 0.866 |
95% Confidence Intervals | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latent | Observed | Estimate | SE | Lower | Upper | β | z | p | CR | AVE |
PRB | 1 | 1.252 | 0.0451 | 1.164 | 1.340 | 0.956 | 27.8 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 0.64 |
2 | 1.177 | 0.0396 | 1.099 | 1.254 | 0.898 | 29.7 | <0.001 | |||
3 | 1.112 | 0.0406 | 1.032 | 1.191 | 0.848 | 27.4 | <0.001 | |||
4 | 1.153 | 0.0403 | 1.075 | 1.232 | 0.880 | 28.6 | <0.001 | |||
5 | 1.155 | 0.0371 | 1.082 | 1.128 | 0.882 | 31.1 | <0.001 | |||
6 | 1.000 | 0.0000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.763 | |||||
WRB | 7 | 0.919 | 0.0239 | 0.872 | 0.966 | 0.797 | 38.5 | <0.001 | 0.88 | 0.60 |
8 | 0.984 | 0.0250 | 0.935 | 1.033 | 0.853 | 39.3 | <0.001 | |||
9 | 1.043 | 0.0200 | 1.003 | 1.082 | 0.904 | 52.2 | <0.001 | |||
10 | −0.660 | 0.0422 | −0.743 | −0.578 | −0.572 | −15.6 | <0.001 | |||
11 | 0.918 | 0.0244 | 0.870 | 0.966 | 0.796 | 37.6 | <0.001 | |||
12 | 0.985 | 0.0236 | 0.939 | 1.032 | 0.854 | 41.7 | <0.001 | |||
13 | 1.000 | 0.0000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.867 | |||||
CRB | 14 | 0.746 | 0.0330 | 0.681 | 0.811 | 0.669 | 22.6 | <0.001 | 0.87 | 0.58 |
15 | 1.031 | 0.0204 | 0.991 | 1.071 | 0.925 | 50.5 | <0.001 | |||
16 | 0.846 | 0.0348 | 0.777 | 0.914 | 0.758 | 24.3 | <0.001 | |||
17 | 0.693 | 0.0429 | 0.609 | 0.777 | 0.621 | 16.2 | <0.001 | |||
18 | 1.023 | 0.0219 | 0.980 | 1.066 | 0.917 | 46.6 | <0.001 | |||
19 | 1.000 | 0.0000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.897 |
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Cerela-Boltunova, O.; Millere, I.; Trups-Kalne, I. Adaptation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in Latvia: Psychometric Data and Factor Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050761
Cerela-Boltunova O, Millere I, Trups-Kalne I. Adaptation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in Latvia: Psychometric Data and Factor Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(5):761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050761
Chicago/Turabian StyleCerela-Boltunova, Olga, Inga Millere, and Ingrida Trups-Kalne. 2025. "Adaptation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in Latvia: Psychometric Data and Factor Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 5: 761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050761
APA StyleCerela-Boltunova, O., Millere, I., & Trups-Kalne, I. (2025). Adaptation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in Latvia: Psychometric Data and Factor Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(5), 761. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050761