Physical Health Among Adults with Depressive Symptoms in Qatar: Findings from Qatar Biobank Population-Based Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. Depressive Symptoms
2.3. Sociodemographic Factors and Physical Health Indicators
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PHQ-9 | Patient Health Questionnaire |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
QBB | Qatar Biobank |
FEV1/FVC | Forced Expiratory Volume/Forced Vital Capacity |
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Category | n (%) | Relationship with PHQ-9 |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female | 386 (56.2) | t-test |
Male | 301 (43.8) | t = 1.73, p = 0.08 |
Education level | ||
High school | 120 (17.5) | |
Technical (diploma) degree | 135 (19.6) | ANOVA |
University (Bachelor) degree | 366 (53.3) | F = 0.69, p = 0.74 |
Postgraduate degree | 39 (5.7) | |
Others | 27 (3.9) | |
Employment | ||
In paid employment | 447 (65.1) | |
Retired | 23 (3.3) | ANOVA |
Housewife | 72 (10.5) | F = 0.40, p = 0.96 |
Student | 81 (11.8) | |
Unemployed | 24 (3.5) | |
Others | 40 (5.8) | |
Are you diagnosed with diabetes? | ||
Yes | 69 (10.0) | t-test |
No | 618 (90.0) | t = 0.30, p = 0.77 |
Are you diagnosed with hypertension? | ||
Yes | 86 (12.5) | t-test |
No | 601 (87.5) | t = 0.13, p = 0.89 |
Are you diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia? | ||
Yes | 180 (26.2) | t-test |
No | 507 (73.8) | t = 0.37, p = 0.71 |
Variable | Mean (SD) | Range | Pearson Correlation (r) with PHQ-9 |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 35.39 (9.82) | 18–55 | −0.027 |
Heart Rate | 72.09 (12.94) | 51–123 | 0.079 * |
Systolic Blood Pressure | 111.62 (13.10) | 83–170 | −0.023 |
Diastolic Blood Pressure | 70.34 (10.37) | 51–113 | −0.005 |
BMI | 28.81 (6.41) | 17.20–48.30 | 0.045 |
Waist-to-hip Ratio | 0.82 (0.10) | 0.62–1.00 | −0.076 * |
FEV1/FVC | 0.79 (0.10) | 0.46–1.00 | −0.021 |
Variable | Category | n (%) | PHQ-9 Scores ± SD | Relationship with PHQ-9 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wheezing chest in the last year? | Yes | 131 (19.1) | 10.73 ± 4.38 | t-test |
No | 556 (80.9) | 9.90 ± 3.94 | t = −2.01, p = 0.03 * | |
Frequent headache or migraine in the last year? | Yes | 297 (43.2) | 10.76 ± 4.27 | t-test |
No | 390 (56.8) | 9.76 ± 3.98 | t = −2.96 ** | |
Pain in several areas of the body (or all over the body) in the last year? | Yes | 84 (12.2) | 12.57 ± 5.23 | t-test |
No | 603 (87.8) | 9.88 ± 3.82 | t = −4.52 *** | |
Chest pain in the last year? | Yes | 282 (41.0) | 10.75 ± 4.42 | t-test |
No | 405 (59.0) | 9.60 ± 3.70 | t = −3.58 *** | |
Weight change during the last year? | Approximately the same | 163 (23.7) | 9.25 ± 3.56 | ANOVA F = 4.57 * |
Yes, gained weight | 331 (48.2) | 10.42 ± 4.33 | ||
Yes, lost weight | 193 (28.1) | 10.16 ± 3.91 | ||
In general, how would you rate your health? | Excellent | 125 (18.2) | 8.81 ± 3.36 | ANOVA F = 29.69 *** |
Good | 366 (53.3) | 9.61 ± 3.58 | ||
Fair | 164 (23.9) | 11.03 ± 4.03 | ||
Poor | 32 (4.6) | 15.28 ± 6.31 |
Variable | Unstandardized B | β | t |
---|---|---|---|
Constant | 7.983 | 4.554 | |
Headache/Migraine | 0.238 | 0.028 | 0.655 |
Body Pain | 2.378 | 0.199 | 4.671 ** |
Chest Pain | 0.747 | 0.089 | 2.146 * |
Heart Rate | 0.031 | 0.099 | 2.448 * |
Waist-to-hip Ratio | −1.804 | −0.042 | −1.037 |
Weight Change, Increased (Dummy Variable) | 0.977 | 0.117 | 2.351 * |
Weight Change, Decreased (Dummy Variable) | 0.893 | 0.095 | 1.903 |
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Aldalaykeh, M.; Abu Raddaha, A.H.; Alhalaiqa, F.; Sami, W.; Khraim, F. Physical Health Among Adults with Depressive Symptoms in Qatar: Findings from Qatar Biobank Population-Based Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050726
Aldalaykeh M, Abu Raddaha AH, Alhalaiqa F, Sami W, Khraim F. Physical Health Among Adults with Depressive Symptoms in Qatar: Findings from Qatar Biobank Population-Based Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(5):726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050726
Chicago/Turabian StyleAldalaykeh, Mohammed, Ahmad H. Abu Raddaha, Fadwa Alhalaiqa, Waqas Sami, and Fadi Khraim. 2025. "Physical Health Among Adults with Depressive Symptoms in Qatar: Findings from Qatar Biobank Population-Based Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 5: 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050726
APA StyleAldalaykeh, M., Abu Raddaha, A. H., Alhalaiqa, F., Sami, W., & Khraim, F. (2025). Physical Health Among Adults with Depressive Symptoms in Qatar: Findings from Qatar Biobank Population-Based Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(5), 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050726