Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Older People Who Are Less Likely to Respond to Mail Surveys Under Infection Countermeasures for New Strains of Coronavirus: The Takasaki Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Overall | Responding Group | Non-Responding Group | t-Value | χ2 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 935) | (n = 330) | (n = 605) | ||||
Age, mean ± standard deviation | 79.09 ± 6.16 | 79.37 ± 5.44 | 78.95 ± 6.52 | 1.009 | 0.313 | |
Sex, (male/female), n (%) | 238(25.4)/697(74.6) | 71(21.5)/259(78.5) | 167(27.6)/438(72.4) | 3.856 | 0.041 | |
Living arrangement, (living together/alone), n (%) | 622(66.5)/313(33.5) | 256(77.6)/74(22.4) | 366(60.5)/239(39.5) | 27.21 | <0.001 | |
Fall history, (presence/absence), n (%) | 112(12.0)/823(88.0) | 38(11.5)/292(88.5) | 74(12.2)/531(87.8) | 0.047 | 0.833 | |
Comorbidity, (presence/absence), n (%) | 611(65.3)/324(34.7) | 186(56.4)/144(43.6) | 425(70.2)/180(29.8) | 17.57 | <0.001 | |
Long-term care insurance, (use/not use), n (%) | 187(20.0)/748(80.0) | 54(16.4)/276(83.6) | 133(22.0)/472(78.0) | 3.871 | 0.040 | |
FSI (score), mean ± standard deviation | 1.31 ± 1.13 | 1.19 ± 1.08 | 1.38 ± 1.16 | −2.529 | 0.014 |
No. | Questions | Overall (n = 935) | Responding Group (n = 330) | Non-Responding Group (n = 605) | χ2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Have you lost 2–3 kg or more in the past 6 months? (score: 0/1), n (%) | 111(11.9)/824(88.1) | 35(10.6)/295(89.4) | 76(12.6)/529(87.4) | 0.605 | 0.399 |
Q2 | Do you think you walk slower than before? (score: 0/1), n (%) | 526(56.3)/409(43.7) | 176(53.3)/154(46.7) | 350(57.9)/255(42.1) | 1.592 | 0.190 |
Q3 | Do you do physical exercise like walking at least once a week? (score: 0/1), n (%) | 277(29.6)/658(70.4) | 88(26.7)/242(73.3) | 189(31.2)/416(68.8) | 1.928 | 0.155 |
Q4 | Can you recall what happened 5 min ago? (score: 0/1), n (%) | 844(90.3)/91(9.7) | 302(91.5)/28(8.5) | 542(89.6)/63(10.4) | 0.697 | 0.358 |
Q5 | Have you felt tired for no reason (in the past 2 weeks)? (score: 0/1), n (%) | 224(24.0)/711(76.0) | 65(19.7)/265(80.3) | 159(26.3)/446(73.7) | 4.726 | 0.025 |
No. | Questions | Overall | Responding Group | Non-Responding Group | t-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 935) | (n = 330) | (n = 605) | ||||
Q1 | Amount of daily movement, mean ± standard deviation | 2.47 ± 0.84 | 2.48 ± 0.85 | 2.47 ± 0.85 | 0.237 | 0.812 |
Q2 | Leg muscle strength, mean ± standard deviation | 2.31 ± 0.74 | 2.35 ± 0.75 | 2.30 ± 0.75 | 1.057 | 0.291 |
Q3 | Meal size, mean ± standard deviation | 2.80 ± 0.57 | 2.85 ± 0.57 | 2.76 ±0.58 | 1.725 | 0.085 |
Q4 | Worry or anxiety, mean ± standard deviation | 2.51 ± 0.74 | 2.54 ± 0.73 | 2.51 ± 0.76 | 0.624 | 0.532 |
Q5 | Opportunities to talk to people, mean ± standard deviation | 2.27 ± 0.86 | 2.18 ± 0.82 | 2.32 ± 0.89 | −2.458 | 0.014 |
Independent Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.84 | 0.67–1.18 | 0.328 |
Living arrangement (alone) | 2.36 | 1.71–3.27 | <0.001 |
Comorbidity (presence) | 1.84 | 1.38–2.47 | <0.001 |
Long-term care insurance (use) | 1.69 | 1.15–2.49 | 0.007 |
Have you felt tired for no reason (in the past 2 weeks)? (score 1) | 1.57 | 1.10–2.23 | 0.012 |
Opportunities to talk to people (declining trend) | 1.20 | 1.02–1.42 | 0.029 |
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Murayama, A.; Higuchi, D.; Saida, K.; Tanaka, S.; Shinohara, T. Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Older People Who Are Less Likely to Respond to Mail Surveys Under Infection Countermeasures for New Strains of Coronavirus: The Takasaki Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22030437
Murayama A, Higuchi D, Saida K, Tanaka S, Shinohara T. Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Older People Who Are Less Likely to Respond to Mail Surveys Under Infection Countermeasures for New Strains of Coronavirus: The Takasaki Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(3):437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22030437
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurayama, Akihiko, Daisuke Higuchi, Kosuke Saida, Shigeya Tanaka, and Tomoyuki Shinohara. 2025. "Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Older People Who Are Less Likely to Respond to Mail Surveys Under Infection Countermeasures for New Strains of Coronavirus: The Takasaki Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 3: 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22030437
APA StyleMurayama, A., Higuchi, D., Saida, K., Tanaka, S., & Shinohara, T. (2025). Characteristics of Community-Dwelling Older People Who Are Less Likely to Respond to Mail Surveys Under Infection Countermeasures for New Strains of Coronavirus: The Takasaki Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(3), 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22030437